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Az Eszterházy-uradalom gazdálkodása a 18. században (Pápa–Ugod–Devecser) = Agricultural Production on the Feudal Estates of Pápa-Ugod-Devecser of the Esterházys in the 18th Century

Fülöp, Éva Mária (2020) Az Eszterházy-uradalom gazdálkodása a 18. században (Pápa–Ugod–Devecser) = Agricultural Production on the Feudal Estates of Pápa-Ugod-Devecser of the Esterházys in the 18th Century. In: Tanulmányok Eszterházy Károly egri püspök szellemi és épített örökségéről. Eszterházy Károly egri püspök és kora (1). EKE Líceum Kiadó, Eger, pp. 147-157. ISBN 978-963-496-159-8

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Abstract

Agricultural Production on the Feudal Estates of Pápa-Ugod-Devecser of the Esterházys in the 18 th Century Count Károly Eszterházy (1725-1799), Bishop of Eger, acquired these domains as a patrimony in 1762 due to the landowning classification with his brothers among their inherited properties. In the 18 century the manorial lands of Pápa-Ugod-Devecser had strong connections with the Transdanubian estates of the younger Fraknó (Forchtenstein) line of the Esterházy family, regarding mainly the Tata-Gesztes estates. This period saw the Urbary Regulation in 1767, when the villein socage of serfs was regulated by the state. th The Bishop’s economic activity, as well as his patronage of science and arts were significant. The Bishop entrusted Regent Ferenc Balogh of Galánta (1708-1765) at Tata with the management of these estates, and the family’s property as well. So from 1762 onwards, Ferenc Balogh, who had great reputation in economy management of that time, also managed the family estates of Károly Eszterházy. After his death in 1765, the prefect (estate steward) at Pápa was running the estates. Regent Balogh, as the appointed governor of domain of Pápa-Ugod-Devecser, managed the agricultural production based mainly on his experiences at the TataGesztes estates. Among the agricultural products of these estates were primarily grain and timber. Because most of the domain was situated in the territory of Bakony mountain, they could increase their income by pig-breeding. Pasture leasing and wine sales were the leading sources of income. It was important that Regent Balogh reorganized the domain’s forestry. They enhanced the rate of market-oriented production. Their aim was to increase manorial production by increasing the number of farm-labourers and draft animals. They also cancelled the leasing of the so-called right of regalia (ius regaliae). To increase the quantity of grain to sell, the domain demanded from their serfs to pay the ninth tenth of their income and the tithe (decima) in kind. This period can be considered an interesting transition from the empirical to theory-based farming. The training of young people for an economic career under the supervision of the Regent in the different economic offices at the Tata domain employed the continuation of the old empirical method, and at the same time it was a forerunner of higher agricultural education for estate officers’ training in Hungary at the end of the 18 century. There were close connections between the estates officials’ training for the family possessions of Károly Eszterházy and for the property of his episcopal benefice. Because of the expected state socage regulations, the Bishop and his estates’ Regent made great efforts to sign new contracts (urbary, urbarium) with the serfs in favour of the domains. Hospodárenie esterházyovského panstva v 18. storočí (Pápa-Ugod-Devecser) Výhradné vlastníctvo panstva Pápa-Ugod-Devecser získal jágerský biskup gróf Karol Eszterházy po rodovej majetkovej deľbe v roku 1762. Panstvo bolo v 18. storočí mnohonásobne prepojené s ostatnými zadunajskými panstvami fraknovskej línie Esterházyovcov, najmä panstvom Tata-Gesztes. V tomto období bol vydaný urbársky patent Márie Terézie (1767). Hospodárska činnosť biskupa Eszterházyho nezaostávala za jeho aktivitami podporujúcimi umenie, či vytvárajúce podmienky rozvoja vedy, preto výskum tejto témy je takisto relevantný. V začiatkoch svojho samostatného hospodárenia prenechal riadenie panstva na veľaváženého prefekta/regenta panstva Tata-Gesztes, Františka Balogha, ktorý v jeho službách vykonal skutočne záslužnú prácu. Po Baloghovej smrti (1765) pokračovala správa panstva pod vedením prefekta so sídlom v Pápe. Tunajšie hospodárenie vynikalo najmä v tradičnom predaji dreva, vína a obilia. Okrem posilňovania alodiálneho hospodárstva sa snažili aj o prinavrátenie regálií a vlastnoručne sa ujali pivných domov, páleníc ako aj výčapov, ktoré prinášali čoraz väčší osoh.

Item Type: Book Section
Additional Information: Szlovák nyelvű absztrakt: Hospodárenie esterházyovského panstva v 18. storočí (Pápa-Ugod-Devecser)
Subjects: D History General and Old World / történelem > D4 Modern History / új- és legújabb kor története
H Social Sciences / társadalomtudományok > HC Economic History and Conditions / gazdaság története és alapelvek
Depositing User: Tibor Gál
Date Deposited: 06 Nov 2020 10:59
Last Modified: 06 Nov 2020 10:59
URI: http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/116519

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