The »Modus Obliquus« In The Baltic Language Union: A Review of The Literature on The Field

Földvári, Sándor (2000) The »Modus Obliquus« In The Baltic Language Union: A Review of The Literature on The Field. In: Vakarų baltų kalbos ir kultūros reliktai III,. Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, pp. 10-13.

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Abstract

"THE »MODUS OBLIQUUS« IN THE BALTIC LANGUAGE AREA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FINNO-UGRIAN AND INDOEUROPEAN VERB SYSTEMS SÁNDOR FÖLDVÁRI Postdoctoral researcher, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest; Visitor lecturer, Department of Classical Philology (Lithuanian Studies), Kossuth Lajos University, Debrecen, Hungary; The author of the paper supposes that the present audience on the con-ference also the readers of the printed version are familiar with the common phenomena of cultures of Baltic peoples, e. g. the modus obliquus or modus relativus in the verb system. There is no room here for the detailed introduction to the theme, more, we can recommend you so excellent studies on the field as AMBRAZAS, 1970 of the Indoeuropean side and, in turn, IKOLA, 1953 from the Finno-Ugristics. We try here to summarise the results of the earlier works and to discuss the question of the Baltic language and cultural union. Since the modus obliquus (MO) exists only in Estonian and Livonian, no other Baltic Finnic languages, and, from the other hand, since the MO exists only in Latvian than in Lithuanian, no other Baltic Finnic languages (it is absent in Prussian), it seems to be very logical to say that the MO is a result of areal contacts, or, that the MO is a very special isogloss of Baltic language union. The morphosyntactic criteria of the Baltic language union is analysed e.g. by STOLZ, 1977. The sources are well-researched by the dialectology, e. g. PAJUSALU, 1996. also in the field of phonology, cf. VABA, 1997 but sources of morpho-syntactical common features in the common cultural development of Baltic peoples are less analysed. The Prague school (TRUBETZKOY, 1928. JAKOBSON, 1931.) based the modern school of phonology that is why they established areal models only on the base of phonologic phenomena. — It is remarkable that ARUMAA, 1935 analysed the morphosyntactical common characteristics of Estonian, Livonian and Latvian already at the Jakobson's time, and his conclusion is almost literally identical with closing words of AMBRAZAS, 1970 and 1990. — The time has already come, when there is already “seasonable” the syntheses of the cultural and areal language contacts. There are some contributions to this syntheses given in the paper. REFERENCES, cited in the abstract: ARUMAA, P[eeter] 1935. Eesti-liivi ja läti ühisest fraseoloogiast ning süntaksist. EK 14, 124 136. AMBRAZAS, Vytautas 1970. Dēl lietuviž kalbos netiesioginēs nuosakos (modus relativus). In: DB 6 13. AMBRAZAS, Vytautas 1990.Vergleichende Syntax der baltischen Partizipien. Baltţ kalbţ dalyviţ lyginamoji sintaksç. АМБРАЗАС, Витаутас: Сравни¬тельный синтакс причастий бальтийских языков. Vilnius: Mokslas, ISBN 5–420–00338–4 BECKER, H. 1948. Der Sprachbund. Leipzig—Berlin. DB — Donum Balticum: To Professor Christian S. Stang on the occasion of his seventieth birthday 15 March 1970. Edited by Velta RUKE–DRAVINA. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. DÉCSY, Gyula 1973. Die linguistische Struktur Europas: Vergangenheit – Gegenwart – Zukunft. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz HAARMANN, Harald, 1970. Die indirekte erleibnisform als grammatische Kategorie — Eine eurasische Isoglosse. Wiesbaden. (Veröffentlichen der Societas Uralo–Altaica, 2.) IKOLA, Osmo, 1953. Viron ja liivin modus obliquusen histooria. Helsinki: Suomen Kirjallisuuden Seura (Suomi 106, 4.) JAKOBSON, Roman, 1931a. Über die phonologischen Sprachbünde. = JAKOBSON, 19712, 137 143. JAKOBSON, Roman, 1931b. РОМАН ЯКОБСОН, К характеристике евроазийского языкого союза. = JAKOBSON, 19712, 144 201. JAKOBSON, 19712, Selected Writings, I. Phonological Studies. The Hague—Paris. PAJUSALU, Karl, 1996. Multiple Linguistic Contacts In: South Estonian: Variation of Verb Inflection In: Karksi. Turku (Turun Yliopiston suomalaisen ja yleisen kielitieteen laitoksen julkaisuja: Publications of the Department of Finnish and General linguistics of the University of Turku, 54.) STOLZ, Thomas, 1977. Schprachbund im Baltikum? Estnisch und Lettisch im Zentrum einer sprachlischen Konvergenzlandschaft. Bochum: Universitäts-verlag Dr. N. Brockmeyer (BORETZKY, Norbert — EUNIGER, Werner — STOLZ, Thomas [Eds.], Bohum-Essener Beiträge zur Schprachwandel-forschung, 13.) TRUBETZKOY, Nikolas, 1928. Proposition 16. In: Actes du premier congrčs international de linguists ŕ La Haye, du 10-15 avril 1928. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1928. 17 18. VABA, Lembit, 1997. Uurimusi läti-eesti keelesuhetast. Tallinn— Tampere: Eesti Keele Instituut, Tamperen Yliopiston Suomen Kielen ja Yleisen Kielitieseen Laitos, ISBN –9985–851–52–8

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