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Old and new neuroendocrine molecules: somatostatin, cysteamine, pantethine and kynurenine

Vécsei, László and Horvath, Z. and Tuka, Bernadett (2014) Old and new neuroendocrine molecules: somatostatin, cysteamine, pantethine and kynurenine. IDEGGYÓGYÁSZATI SZEMLE / CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE, 67 (3-4). pp. 107-112. ISSN 0019-1442

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Abstract

The aim of this review is to commemorate Hans Selye, endocrinologist, the most famous researchers of stress and to briefly summarize the major features of somatostatin (SST), cysteamine (CysA) and patethine (PAN) in neuroen-docrinological aspect, which are closely related to his scientific work. In addition, some metabolites of kynurenine pathway (KP) were also mentioned in this paper, as new, possible target molecules in neuroendocrinology. R. Guillemin and A. V. Schally were the main pioneers of the discovery of SST in the 1970's. SST primarily is known as an inhibitor of growth hormone secretion and additionally reduces the gastric acid and pepsin release and also the gastroduodenal mucosal blood flow. These effects are very important in the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer bleeding, which is related to the CysA-evoked perforating duodenal ulcer experimental stress model in rats developed by Se lye and Szabo. CysA is a naturally occurring duodenal ulcerogen, which depletes SST in the gastric mucosa and certain brain regions. Furthermore, in addition to depleting SST, CysA also causes adrenocortical necrosis, suggesting an interaction between the central/peripheral nervous system and the neuroendocrine system. The antioxidant PAN, formulated besides the CysA, has similar effects: it attenuates the levels of SST and proladin in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus through the accumulation of CysA within cells throughout the body. As new perspectives the KP may be involved in the modulation of neuroendrocrine processes: different agonists and antagonists of glutamate receptors regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and kynurenic acid augments the anxiolytic stress responses in neonatal chicks. The pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced and the toxic heavy oil contaminations-evoked alterations in the KP indirectly contribute to the development of neuroendocrine disorders. In summary, there have been highly important developments in neuroendocrinology since the early findings of Se lye. Although there are as yet relatively few data about the potential role of kynurenines in neuroendocrinology, the results already achieved are extremely noteworthy and immensely promising.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; PATHWAY METABOLISM; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; EXCITOTOXIN LESIONS; BRAIN CATECHOLAMINES; IMMUNOREACTIVE SOMATOSTATIN; GROWTH-HORMONE; QUINOLINIC ACID LESIONS; INHIBITING HORMONE SOMATOSTATIN; OPEN-FIELD BEHAVIOR; KYNURENINE; pantethine; CYSTEAMINE; SOMATOSTATIN
Subjects: R Medicine / orvostudomány > R1 Medicine (General) / orvostudomány általában
SWORD Depositor: MTMT SWORD
Depositing User: MTMT SWORD
Date Deposited: 14 Jul 2015 05:42
Last Modified: 12 Jan 2016 14:47
URI: http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/25331

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