Transylvania

Veres, Valér (2016) Transylvania. In: The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford. ISBN 978-1-4051-8978-1

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Abstract

Transylvania, which is today a province of Romania, is an ethnically mixed territory, inhabited by a majority of Romanians, with Hungarian and German minorities. The history of the region was based on diverse nation-building processes for the main ethnic groups. In the nineteenth century, Transylvanian Hungarians engaged in a pan-Hungarian movement, while Transylvanian Romanians became conscious of their belonging to the pan-Romanian community. Between the two World Wars, and in a different form under the subsequent communist dictatorship, Romanian nationalism was mainly oriented towards the assimilation of the Transylvanian Hungarians. In contemporary Romania, political nationalism is mainly seen in the actions of extremist political parties. The ethnic basis of social cohesion is evident in both the public and private discourse of Transylvanian Romanians and Hungarians. However, the Transylvanian Hungarians are integrated into the Romanian political system, but at the same time maintain their specific Hungarian identity, and interethnic relations, as a result, has improved.

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