Excess Electron Relaxation Dynamics at Water/Air Interfaces

Madarász, Ádám and Rossky, Peter and Turi, László (2007) Excess Electron Relaxation Dynamics at Water/Air Interfaces. Journal of Chemical Physics, 126 (23). p. 234707. ISSN ISSN 1089-7690

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Abstract

We have performed mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations of the relaxation of a ground state excess electron at interfaces of different phases of water with air. The investigated systems included ambient water/air, supercooled water/air, Ih ice/air and an amorphous solid water/air interfaces. The present work explores the possible connections of the examined interfacial systems to finite size cluster anions, and the three-dimensional infinite, fully hydrated electron. Localization site analyses indicate that in the absence of nuclear relaxation the electron localizes in a shallow potential trap on the interface in all examined systems in a diffuse, surface-bound (SB) state. With relaxation, the weakly bound electron undergoes an ultrafast localization and stabilization on the surface with the concomitant collapse of its radius. In the case of the ambient liquid interface the electron slowly (on the 10 ps timescale) diffuses into the bulk to form an interior-bound (IB) state. In each other case, the excess electron persists on the interface in surface-bound (SB) states. The relaxation dynamics occur through distinct SB structures which are easily distinguishable by their energetics, geometries, and interactions with the surrounding water bath. The systems exhibiting the most stable SB excess electron states (supercooled water/air and Ih ice/air interfaces) are identified by their characteristic hydrogen-bonding motifs which are found to contain double acceptor type water molecules in the close vicinity of the electron. These surface states correlate reasonably with those extrapolated to infinite size from simulated water cluster anions.

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