Individual and combined effects of feed artificially contaminated with with fumonisin B 1 and T-2 toxin in weaned rabbits

Hafner, Dóra and Szabó, András and D'Costa, Lilla and Szabó-Fodor, Judit and Tornyos, Gábor and Blochné Bodnár, Zsófia and Ölbeiné Horvatovich, Katalin and Baloghné Zándoki, Erika and Bóta, Brigitta and Kovács, Melinda (2016) Individual and combined effects of feed artificially contaminated with with fumonisin B 1 and T-2 toxin in weaned rabbits. WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL, 9 (4). pp. 613-622. ISSN 1875-0710

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Abstract

Co-contamination of feed and feed raw materials with two or more mycotoxins is frequently reported, however, only a few studies have investigated the combined effects of low doses of multiple mycotoxins. In the present study the individual and combined effects of 10 mg/kg fumonisin B1 and 2 mg/kg T-2 toxin (n=12/group) were investigated in weaned rabbits. Mycotoxin contaminated feed was produced by adding fungal cultures of Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium sporotrichioides, and fed to 40 days old rabbits during 28 days. Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly, serum biochemistry and antioxidant parameters on day 0, 14 and 28, while histopathological examination and comet assay were performed at the end of the experiment. T-2 exposure both alone and in combination resulted in 15-18% less final body weight compared to the control and FB1 treatment. There was a significant increase in the concentration of plasma total protein, albumin, fructosamine and creatinine in the group treated with FB1 compared to the control. The liver and the kidney of most animals treated with T-2 toxin, FB1 and their combination showed pathological changes, occurring more frequent in animals exposed to both toxins. T-2 resulted in depletion of lymphocytes in the spleen. FB1 and T-2 exerted synergistic effect on the antioxidant/oxidative parameters after 2 weeks of exposure, manifesting in less glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, while more malondialdehyde was produced. Both toxins caused DNA damage in the lymphocytes, which was more pronounced in the group fed T-2 toxin and T-2 combined with FB1, without additive or synergistic effects.

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