Módszertani javaslat holt mûemlékek bemutatásának kritikai vizsgálatához

Zsembery, Ákos (2010) Módszertani javaslat holt mûemlékek bemutatásának kritikai vizsgálatához. Építés - Építészettudomány, 38 (3-4). pp. 329-358. ISSN 0013-9661

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Abstract

Jóllehet, a helyreállítások kritikai elemzése a hazai szakirodalomban már a nyolcvanas évek elejétől igényként jelentkezik, mindmáig elhanyagolt kérdés a hazai műemlékvédelemben. A kritikai elemzés gyökerei megmaradtak, amelyekhez kapcsolódóan e cikkben elvi javaslatot teszek egy vizsgálati rendszerre. A vizsgálat kritériumait objektív szempontok alapján alakítottam ki széles körű külföldi szakirodalmi kitekintéssel. Az általam összeállított szempontrendszer gerince az elméleti rekonstrukció mint bármilyen beavatkozás tudományos alapja. E vizsgálati rendszer életképességét doktori értekezésem keretében több hazai műemlék-helyreállítás elemzésén igazoltam. A kritériumrendszer egyben alapjait is képezi egy tervezésmódszertannak, mely a holt műemlékek bemutatásánál alkalmazható. | The presentation of ‘dead’ medieval architectural monuments is a special field of monument protection as being essentially determined by the relation between theory and practice. Present assay aims to compare the categories of Hungarian and international theoretical bases, and after setting up a unified definition apparatus, to create an analysis system that gives a methodological recommendation for the critical analysis of restorations. For this, I take the credibility of the display, the adapted value-hierarchy, the relation between old and new parts and the connection between the presented monument and its surroundings as bases. The unity of theory and practice has to be in view at the methodological considerations of critical analysis. For this purpose, I have had recourse to the relation between contemporary ruin display theory and practice of the following three European countries: Italy, Great Britain and Germany. The standardized definition system of monument restoration methods I have prepared and which is needed for the critical analysis is based on the examination of Hungarian and international definition-apparatus. I have proved that this system could make a good ground for the discussion of monument protection with critical attitude. Critically analysing the restoration methods it can be clarified that to what extent scientific and social demands of the restoration are represented in the different methods. By this we can define which monument protection methods can be considered as critically based. A deeper analysis of European ruin monument protection tendencies and the placement of Hungarian ruin presentation on the European palette expand beyond the frame of present assay. This study gives a chance for measuring again Hungarian ruin presentation practice with European scale, provides guideline and literature for further surveys. Depending on the condition of the ruin and its function in it environment, the relation of the ruin and its surrounding can be analysed in several levels with the help of this system, thus it can serve as a base for a study used in urban presentation of a town’s medieval ruins or in urban arrangement.

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