Református kertészközségek megszervezése a Dél-Alföldön a 18–19. század fordulóján

Hegyi, Ádám Alex (2018) Református kertészközségek megszervezése a Dél-Alföldön a 18–19. század fordulóján. DÉLVIDÉKI SZEMLE : TÖRTÉNETTUDOMÁNYI FOLYÓIRAT, 5 (1). pp. 73-84. ISSN 2416-223X

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Abstract

Following the proclamation of the Patent of Toleration and the coming into effect of law No. 26 of 1791, several new Calvinist parishes were established in the Kingdom of Hungary. In our study we will present the organizing of the new Calvinist gardener communities founded in the Békés Calvinist Diocese in the southeastern areas of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Békés diocese developed dynamically between 1781 and 1821, with gardener communities and settler villages being established. Calvinist parishes, however, were formed not only in newly founded settlements, but in other areas of the diocese too: Hódmezővásárhely’s second Calvinist church was built during this period. Kispereg was founded at this time by Calvinists fleeing Egyek. In Battonya, populated by Serbs, the first Calvinists began settling at the end of the 18th century, and the destroyed congregation of Gyorok had also been revitalized by the end of the 1790s. There is a significant difference between gardener communities and settler villages from a legal viewpoint, because settlers received tax relief and financial support, and were free to practice their religion. Gardeners, however, could only enter into fixed-term contracts, and when they ended, it was conceivable that the gardeners not only had to leave their lands, but demolish their houses and church too, or hand them over to others. In our study we examine how the Békéssámson, Reformátuskovácsháza and Reformátusdombegyház communities managed to organize their churches. We do this by comparing it with the church-organizing of the settler villages.

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