@article{REAL228771,
          volume = {1},
          number = {1},
          author = {R{\'e}ka M{\'a}t{\'e} and Enik{\H o} T{\'o}th-Orosz and Istv{\'a}n Csernicsk{\'o}},
           title = {??????-??????? ??????????????? ????????? ???? = About an online dictionary of the pluricentric Hungarian language = A pluricentrikus magyar nyelv online sz{\'o}t{\'a}ra},
       publisher = {II. R{\'a}k{\'o}czi Ferenc K{\'a}rp{\'a}taljai Magyar Egyetem},
         journal = {ACTA ACADEMIAE BEREGSASIENSIS, PHILOLOGICA},
           pages = {27--42},
            year = {2022},
        keywords = {pluricentric language, Hungarian language, online dictionary, Transcarpathia,
Carpathian Basin, loanwords, ?????????????? ????, ???????a ???a, ??????-???????, ??????????,
??????????? ??????, ?????????? ?????},
             url = {https://real.mtak.hu/228771/},
        abstract = {A pluricentric language is a language that is used in at least two countries where it has the
official status of a state, commonwealth or regional language with at least partially its own
(codified) norms that usually contribute to the personal identity of speakers. Pluricentric
languages have one dominant variant and (one or) several non-dominant variaties. As a
result of the political fragmentation of the Hungarian language area that developed after
the First World War, and then, confirmed by the peace treaties after the Second World
War, the Hungarian language is one of the pluricentric languages in Europe. The article
examines the results of close linguistic contacts in non-dominant varieties of the modern
Hungarian language used outside Hungary. The consequences of language contacts are
highlighted on the basis of lexical borrowings, which are fixed in a specific online
dictionary. The dictionary consists of borrowed words of foreign origin used by
autochthonous Hungarian minorities living in the Carpathian Basin outside Hungary. In
addition to words and phrases that are used exclusively in the speech and writing of
Hungarians in countries neighboring Hungary, words that are also used in Hungary, but
with a different meaning, were also collected in the database. As of the end of September
2022, the dictionary database contained 5,034 dictionary entries (words). Since this online
loanword list contains direct borrowings from many languages of the Carpathian Basin
that are in contact with Hungarian (mostly from the official or state languages of Hungary's
neighboring countries, including Slovak, Ukrainian, Romanian, Serbian, Croatian,
Slovenian, and German), the database is a rich source for the study of contacts between
Hungarian and Indo-European languages. Based on the material of the online dictionary,
it was found that among the lexical borrowings of the Hungarian language ? as a result of
centuries-old contacts between Hungarian and various Slavic languages ? borrowings of
Slavic origin constitute the largest layer of vocabulary of foreign origin in the Hungarian
language. The result of the project is a dictionary database that provides an opportunity
for a comparative analysis of the vocabulary of non-dominant variants of the pluricentric
Hungarian language. {\ensuremath{|}} ?????????????? ???? {--} ?? ????, ??? ???????????????? ????????? ? ???? ???????,
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????????? ???????, ?????, ??? ????? ???????? ? ????????, ??? ? ?????? ????????,
???? ??????? ? ???? ?????. ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? 2022 ???? ?????????? ????
????? ??????? 5034 ??????????? ??????. ???????? ??? ??????-?????? ???????????
???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????, ???
??????????? ? ????????? ????? (????????? ? ????????? ??? ???????? ? ?????????
?????, ??????? ??????????, ???????????, ??????????, ?????????, ???????????, ???????????
?? ?????????), ???? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??
???????????????? ???. ?? ?????? ????????? ??????-???????? ????????, ?? ?????
????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ? ?? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ???
????????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????????????
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????????? ????. ??????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ??????????
??? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????????
????????? ????. {\ensuremath{|}} Pluricentrikusnak nevezz{\"u}k azokat a nyelveket, amelyeket legal{\'a}bb k{\'e}t orsz{\'a}gban haszn{\'a}lnak {\'e}s hivatalos {\'a}llami, nemzeti vagy region{\'a}lis nyelvi st{\'a}tusszal, s legal{\'a}bb r{\'e}szben saj{\'a}t (kodifik{\'a}lt) norm{\'a}kkal rendelkeznek, {\'e}s {\'a}ltal{\'a}ban v{\'e}ve hozz{\'a}j{\'a}rulnak a besz{\'e}l{\H o}k szem{\'e}lyes identit{\'a}s{\'a}hoz. A pluricentrikus nyelveknek egy domin{\'a}ns {\'e}s (egy vagy) t{\"o}bb nem domin{\'a}ns v{\'a}ltozata van. A magyar nyelvter{\"u}letnek az els{\H o} vil{\'a}gh{\'a}bor{\'u} ut{\'a}n kialakult, majd a m{\'a}sodik vil{\'a}gh{\'a}bor{\'u}t k{\"o}vet{\H o} b{\'e}keszerz{\H o}d{\'e}sekkel meger{\H o}s{\'i}tett politikai sz{\'e}ttagolts{\'a}ga k{\"o}vetkezt{\'e}ben a magyar nyelv is Eur{\'o}pa pluricentrikus nyelvei k{\"o}z{\'e} tartozik. Jelen tanulm{\'a}ny a mai magyar nyelv nem domin{\'a}ns, Magyarorsz{\'a}gon k{\'i}v{\"u}l haszn{\'a}lt v{\'a}ltozataiban fenn{\'a}ll{\'o} szoros nyelvi kapcsolatok eredm{\'e}nyeit vizsg{\'a}lja. A nyelvek {\'e}rintkez{\'e}s{\'e}nek k{\"o}vetkezm{\'e}nyeire {\'e}kes p{\'e}ld{\'a}ul szolg{\'a}lnak a lexik{\'a}lis k{\"o}lcs{\"o}nz{\'e}sek, amelyek egy online sz{\'o}t{\'a}rban ker{\"u}ltek r{\"o}gz{\'i}t{\'e}sre. A sz{\'o}t{\'a}r anyaga a K{\'a}rp{\'a}t-medenc{\'e}ben, Magyarorsz{\'a}gon k{\'i}v{\"u}l {\'e}l{\H o} {\H o}shonos magyar kisebbs{\'e}gek {\'a}ltal haszn{\'a}lt, idegen eredet{\H u} k{\"o}lcs{\"o}nszavakb{\'o}l {\'a}ll. A Magyarorsz{\'a}ggal szomsz{\'e}dos orsz{\'a}gokban a magyarok besz{\'e}d{\'e}ben {\'e}s {\'i}r{\'a}s{\'a}ban kiz{\'a}r{\'o}lagosan haszn{\'a}lt szavak {\'e}s kifejez{\'e}sek mellett a haz{\'a}nkban is haszn{\'a}lt, de m{\'a}s jelent{\'e}ssel b{\'i}r{\'o} szavak is megtal{\'a}lhat{\'o}k az adatb{\'a}zisban. A sz{\'o}t{\'a}r 2022. szeptember v{\'e}g{\'e}n 5034 bejegyz{\'e}st (sz{\'o}t) tartalmazott. Mivel ez az online k{\"o}lcs{\"o}nsz{\'o}lista a K{\'a}rp{\'a}t-medence sz{\'a}mos magyar nyelvvel {\'e}rintkez{\H o} nyelv{\'e}b{\H o}l tartalmaz k{\"o}zvetlen k{\"o}lcs{\"o}nz{\'e}seket (t{\"o}bbnyire a Magyarorsz{\'a}ggal szomsz{\'e}dos orsz{\'a}gok hivatalos vagy {\'a}llami nyelveib{\H o}l, k{\"o}zt{\"u}k szlov{\'a}k, ukr{\'a}n, rom{\'a}n, szerb, horv{\'a}t, szlov{\'e}n {\'e}s n{\'e}met nyelvb{\H o}l), az adatb{\'a}zis gazdag forr{\'a}sul szolg{\'a}l a magyar {\'e}s az indoeur{\'o}pai nyelvek kapcsolatainak vizsg{\'a}lat{\'a}hoz. Az online sz{\'o}t{\'a}r anyaga alapj{\'a}n meg{\'a}llap{\'i}tott{\'a}k, hogy a magyar nyelv lexik{\'a}lis k{\"o}lcs{\"o}nz{\'e}sei k{\"o}z{\"o}tt ? a magyar {\'e}s a k{\"u}l{\"o}nb{\"o}z{\H o} szl{\'a}v nyelvek {\'e}vsz{\'a}zados kapcsolatainak eredm{\'e}nyek{\'e}nt ? a szl{\'a}v eredet{\H u} k{\"o}lcs{\"o}nz{\'e}sek alkotj{\'a}k az idegen eredet{\H u} sz{\'o}kincs legnagyobb r{\'e}sz{\'e}t. A projekt eredm{\'e}nye egy sz{\'o}t{\'a}ri adatb{\'a}zis megsz{\"u}let{\'e}se, amely lehet{\H o}s{\'e}get ad a pluricentrikus magyar nyelv nem domin{\'a}ns v{\'a}ltozatainak {\"o}sszehasonl{\'i}t{\'o} elemz{\'e}s{\'e}re.}
}