@article{REAL228781,
          volume = {1},
          number = {1},
           title = {{\'A}llamnyelvi hat{\'a}s a k{\'a}rp{\'a}taljai magyar anyanyelv{\H u} eg{\'e}szs{\'e}g{\"u}gyi dolgoz{\'o}k nyelvhaszn{\'a}lat{\'a}ban = ????? ????????? ???? ? ???? ?????????????? ?????????
???????????? ? ?????????? = State language effects in the language use of native Hungarian-speaking
health care workers in Transcarpathia},
          author = {Vilmos Gazdag},
            year = {2022},
           pages = {43--60},
         journal = {ACTA ACADEMIAE BEREGSASIENSIS, PHILOLOGICA},
        keywords = {Transcarpathia, health care workers, Hungarian language, language use, state
language effect, loanwords, ??????????, ??????? ??????????, ???????? ????, ????????????
????, ????? ????????? ????, ???????????, K{\'a}rp{\'a}talja, eg{\'e}szs{\'e}g{\"u}gyi dolgoz{\'o}k, magyar nyelv, nyelvhaszn{\'a}lat, {\'a}llamnyelvi hat{\'a}s, k{\"o}lcs{\"o}nszavak},
             url = {https://real.mtak.hu/228781/},
        abstract = {Ukrajn{\'a}ban az orvosok {\'e}s az {\'a}pol{\'o}n{\H o}k k{\'e}pz{\'e}se is {\'a}llamnyelven folyik, s az is gyakori jelens{\'e}g, hogy olyan eg{\'e}szs{\'e}g{\"u}gyi szakemberek ker{\"u}lnek egy-egy magyar k{\"o}z{\"o}ss{\'e}g k{\"o}r{\'e}be, akik valahonnan Ukrajn{\'a}b{\'o}l sz{\'a}rmaznak, s egy{\'a}ltal{\'a}n nem is {\'e}rtik a magyar nyelvet. {\'I}gy nem ritka az az eset sem, hogy ?a magyar anyanyelv{\H u} betegek az ukr{\'a}n {\'e}s orosz nyelv{\H u} orvosokkal {\'e}s n{\H o}v{\'e}rekkel csak neh{\'e}zkesen tudj{\'a}k magukat meg{\'e}rtetni?. Term{\'e}szetesen vannak olyan magyar anyanyelv{\H u} eg{\'e}szs{\'e}g{\"u}gyi dolgoz{\'o}k is, akik az {\'a}llamnyelvi oktat{\'a}s kiz{\'a}r{\'o}lagoss{\'a}ga ellen{\'e}re is j{\'o}l elboldogulnak a magyar szaknyelvi kommunik{\'a}ci{\'o}val, s {\'i}gy sz{\"u}ks{\'e}g eset{\'e}n ak{\'a}r k{\"o}zvet{\'i}t{\H o} szerepet is el tudnak l{\'a}tni egy-egy orvos-beteg t{\'a}rsalg{\'a}s sor{\'a}n. Ugyanakkor fontos lehet azt is hangs{\'u}lyozni, hogy eset{\"u}kben az {\'a}llamnyelvi oktat{\'a}s kiz{\'a}r{\'o}lagoss{\'a}ga miatt fokozottan {\'e}rv{\'e}nyes{\"u}lnek a m{\'a}sodnyelvi hat{\'a}sok, s {\'i}gy a magyar szakszavakat vagy nem is ismerik, vagy ha ismerik is, alig haszn{\'a}lj{\'a}k, mivel {\'i}gy a vegyes nyelv{\H u} munkak{\"o}z{\"o}ss{\'e}gekben k{\"o}nnyebben meg{\'e}rtik egym{\'a}st?.

Jelen dolgozat keretei k{\"o}z{\"o}tt egy, a k{\"o}zelm{\'u}ltban v{\'e}gzett k{\'e}rd{\H o}{\'i}ves felm{\'e}r{\'e}s adataira alapozva pr{\'o}b{\'a}ljuk meg bemutatni a k{\'a}rp{\'a}taljai magyar anyanyelv{\H u} eg{\'e}szs{\'e}g{\"u}gyi dolgoz{\'o}k egyes nyelvekkel kapcsolatos nyelvismereti szintj{\'e}t, illetve az azokon val{\'o} kommunik{\'a}ci{\'o}juk gyakoris{\'a}g{\'a}t, valamint a magyar nyelv vonatkoz{\'a}s{\'a}ban megjelen{\H o} nyelvhaszn{\'a}lati saj{\'a}toss{\'a}gait, ezen bel{\"u}l kiemelt figyelmet szentelve az {\'a}ltaluk haszn{\'a}lt szaknyelvi vonat?koz{\'a}s{\'u}, vagy az eg{\'e}szs{\'e}g{\"u}gy regiszter{\'e}be sorolhat{\'o}, de {\'a}ltal{\'a}nosan is ismert {\'a}llamnyelvi k{\"o}lcs{\"o}nszavaknak.

A kutat{\'a}s eredm{\'e}nyei alapj{\'a}n egy{\'e}rtelm{\H u}en bizony{\'i}tottnak tekinthetj{\"u}k a k{\'a}rp{\'a}taljai magyar anyanyelv{\H u} eg{\'e}szs{\'e}g{\"u}gyi dolgoz{\'o}k t{\"o}bbnyelv{\H u} volt{\'a}t, ami az esetek t{\'u}lnyom{\'o} t{\"o}bbs{\'e}g{\'e}ben magyar anyanyelvi dominanci{\'a}t felt{\'e}telez. Az {\'a}llamnyelv elsaj{\'a}t{\'i}t{\'a}sa {\'e}s ismereti foka az adatk{\"o}zl{\H o}kn{\'e}l szoros {\"o}sszef{\"u}gg{\'e}st mutat azzal, hogy milyen tannyelven folytatt{\'a}k a szakir{\'a}ny{\'u} k{\'e}pz{\'e}s{\"u}ket, illetve, hogy milyen nyelvi {\"o}sszet{\'e}tel{\H u} munkak{\"o}z{\"o}ss{\'e}gben tev{\'e}kenykednek. Ez ut{\'o}bbi azt is nagym{\'e}rt{\'e}kben meghat{\'a}rozza, hogy az egyes szem{\'e}lyek milyen gyakoris{\'a}ggal haszn{\'a}lj{\'a}k az anyanyelv{\"u}ket, az {\'a}llamnyelvet {\'e}s az orosz nyelvet, valamint a k{\"u}l{\"o}nb{\"o}z{\H o} idegen nyelveket. {\ensuremath{|}} ? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????????? (???????????) ?????, ?????
????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ??
?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????. ???? ??????? "???????? ? ????????? ??????
????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????????? ? ???????????? ?? ????????????????
???????? ?? ???????????". ????????, ? ? ????? ????????? ???? - ??????? ??????????,
???, ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????????????
????????? ????? ?, ?? ????????????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?
???????? ??? ??????? ? ?????????. ? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????????, ?? ? ???????
???????, ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????
?????????, ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????????, ??? ???? ??????, ?? ?????
?? ?????????????? ??, ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ? ???????? ??????
??????? ??????????.
? ??? ??????, ??????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ??
??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????
?????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????'? ? ??????????, ?
????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????, ?????????
???????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??????????, ???'?????? ? ?????, ???
??????????, ??? ??????????????, ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????
??????'?.
???????? ? ??????????? ???????????, ?????????????? ????????????? ????????
???????????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????,
??? ? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????. ?????? ?????????
????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???'?????? ? ?????, ???? ???? ???????
?????????? ????????, ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ? ????? ????
????????. ??????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????
??????, ????????? ?? ?????????? ???, ? ????? ?????? ????????? ???. In Ukraine, doctors and nurses are trained in the official language, and it is also common
to find health professionals who come from somewhere in Ukraine and do not understand Hungarian at all. It is therefore not uncommon for "patients with Hungarian mother
tongues to find it difficult to communicate with Ukrainian and Russian-speaking doctors
and nurses".
Of course, there are also native Hungarian-speaking health workers who, despite the
exclusivity of state language education, are able to communicate in Hungarian and, if
necessary, can even act as mediators in doctor-patient conversations. At the same time, it
is important to emphasize that in their case, because of the exclusivity of state language
education, second language influences are more pronounced, and they either do not know
Hungarian terminology or, if they do, they hardly use it, since it is easier for them to
understand each other in mixed-language working communities.
In this paper, based on the data of a recent questionnaire survey, we try to present the
level of language proficiency and the frequency of communication in certain languages of
the native Hungarian-speaking health care workers in Transcarpathia, as well as the
language use characteristics of the Hungarian language, paying special attention to the use
of technical language-related loanwords or loanwords that are commonly known but can
be included in the health care register.
Based on the results of the research, the multilingual nature of Transcarpathian
Hungarian mother tongue health care workers can be considered as clear evidence, which
in the vast majority of cases implies a Hungarian mother tongue dominance. The level of
proficiency in the official language of the respondents is closely related to the language in
which they have completed their vocational training and the language composition of the
work community in which they work. The latter also largely determines the frequency with
which individuals use their mother tongue, the official language and Russian, as well as
various foreign languages.}
}