The relationship between mentalisation and resilience in typically developing children and adolescents and children and adolescents with ADHD

F. Földi, Rita and Németh, Kata and Takács, Szabolcs and Hadházi, Éva and Törő, Krisztina and Csikós, Gábor and Kövesdi, Andrea (2020) The relationship between mentalisation and resilience in typically developing children and adolescents and children and adolescents with ADHD. Psychologia Hungarica Caroliensis, 8 (3). pp. 161-182. ISSN 2064-2504

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Abstract

Even internationally, ADHD is the most frequently diagnosed neuropsychiatric disorder in children and adolescents, which influences quality of life. However, 20 % of those struggling with ADHD are successful in all walks of life. The focus of our test was resilience - helping successful adaptation and the mentalisation ability linked to social difficulties. The objective of the test is to identify the anomalies between groups of children and adolescents with ADHD and typically developing children and adolescents from the following perspectives: the link between the intensity of the symptoms, their mentalisation abilities and psychological resilience abilities. In the test, we examined the relationship between the variants of the following questionnaires: CD-RISK Resilience survey, (Connor and Davidson, 2003; Járai et al, 2015),(Faux Pas test (Baron-Cohenet al, 1999) the Conners Child Behaviour and Parent variation / Teachers’s variation (Conners et al., 1998; Perczel-Forintos, 2018) and the SDQ questionnaire (SDQ (Strength and Difficulties Survey) Methods: non-invasive cross-section test on a 64 clinical and (32 subjects with ADHD) and non-clinical (32 typically developing subjects) sample of children (9-16 yrs). Depending on the intensity of the symptoms, we found differences between the typically developing and the ADHD group in all tests used. From the SDQ subscales, the hyperactive and the symptoms of emotional and behavioural problems and the scores of the subscales indicating pro-social beahviour correlates with the overall score measured on the CD-RISK scale in the typically developing group. While in the ADHD group, the prosocial scale indicates a relationship with the CD-RISK scale. In case of the Faux Pas test, the story comprehension dimension was significantly lower in the ADHD group. The Faux Pas test shows positive relationship regarding „correct identification”, „overall score” and „story comprehension” with the prosocial behaviour in the ADHD group. According to our results, prosocial behaviour may be present as a protective factor enhancing a higher level operation of resilience. Based on the professional literature available and our test, we suppose that the protective factor linked to resilience is a characteristic of the individual or the environment which predicts the positive outcome of a threatening situation even during the appearance of risk factors. (Masten, 2001).

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