Stress hardening under long-term cadmium treatment depends on the activation of antioxidative defence and the iron acquisition of chloroplasts in Populus

Solti, Ádám and Sárvári, Éva and Szöllősi, Erzsébet and Tóth, Brigitta and Mészáros, Ilona and Fodor, Ferenc and Szigeti, Zoltán (2016) Stress hardening under long-term cadmium treatment depends on the activation of antioxidative defence and the iron acquisition of chloroplasts in Populus. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR NATURFORSCHUNG C - A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES. pp. 1-12. ISSN 0939-5075 (In Press)

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Abstract

Cadmium, a highly toxic heavy metal affects growth and metabolic pathways in plants, including photosynthesis. Though Cd is a transition metal with no redox capacity, it generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) indirectly and causes oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in long-term Cd tolerance of plants are not well known. Hydroponically cultured poplar (Populus jacquemontiana var. glauca cv. 'Kopeczkii') plants were treated with Cd for 4 weeks. Following a functional decline, the plants performed acclimation to the Cd induced oxidative stress evidenced by the decreased leaf malondialdehyde content and the recovery of most photosynthetic parameters. Activation of peroxidases played a key role in the elimination of hydrogen-peroxide, and thus the recovery of photosynthesis, while the role of superoxide dismutase isoforms was less important. Re-distribution of the iron content in leaf mesophyll cells resulted in an increase of the Fe content of chloroplasts, thus contributed to the biosynthesis of the photosynthetic apparatus and some antioxidative enzymes. The delayed increase in photosynthetic activity compared to the decline in the level of lipid peroxidation indicates the energy requirement of acclimation mechanisms during long-term Cd treatment.

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