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Adatok a kárpát-medencei, agancsból faragott íjmarkolat lécek értékeléséhez. Szentes-Derekegyházi oldal, D-3 tábla 6. sír

Bíró, Ádám and Langó, Péter and Türk, Attila Antal (2010) Adatok a kárpát-medencei, agancsból faragott íjmarkolat lécek értékeléséhez. Szentes-Derekegyházi oldal, D-3 tábla 6. sír. Archaeologiai Értesítő, 135 (1). pp. 245-268. ISSN 0003-8032

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Abstract

A tanulmány egy 10. századi temető hitelesítő ásatása során előkerült sírt ismertet, továbbá foglalkozik a sírból előkerült, egy, a magyar kutatás által mindeddig nem azonosított, agancsból faragott tárgy funkcionális meghatározásával. A szerzők áttekintik és értékelik az íjmarkolat részeként meghatározott tárgytípust, illetve Kárpát-medencei párhuzamait, bemutatva annak kelet-európai kapcsolatrendszerét is. | Within the framework of the project of the Archaeological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Genetics of the Szeged Biology Centre, titled “Archaeogenetics in the research on the ethnogenesis of the Hungarians”, a number of tenth-century cemeteries, incompletely investigated in the 20th century, have been re-investigated. In September 2002, a new excavation was carried out by Péter Langó and Attila Türk at the site of “Derékegyházi oldal, Berényi B. 129. tanya földje” southeast of Szentes, in the Great Hungarian Plain, originally investigated by Gábor Csallány in 1940 (Fig. 1.1–2). During the successful identification of the site four new 10th-century graves were found, which complete the cemetery (Fig. 2.1). The graves of eight buried individuals were oriented to west-northwest and were placed roughly in a row. Based on the grave-goods, the burials can be dated to the mid-third or second half of the 10th century AD, which was confirmed by radiocarbon dating as well. In Grave 6 of the re-excavated cemetery of Szentes-Derekegyházi oldal, D-3, a small, carved antler plate of unknown function was found (Fig. 11.1–2). Due to the disturbance of the burial (Fig. 2.2–3; Fig. 3.1–3), the function of the object could not be established. Through the review and analysis of the analogies of the object in the Carpathian Basin (Table 1; Fig 10.1; Fig. 12.1–5), however, we can ascertain its role and function. Accordingly, small antler plates with trapezoid cross-section and grooving on three sides found in 10th-century graves in the Carpathian Basin were placed on the grip of bows, between the two antler plates covering the grip (Fig. 11.3−4). The small number of finds from the Carpathian Basin suggests that they did not play a significant role in the structure of the bow-grip. It is conceivable, however, that such plates were employed only on a special bow type, or that the antler plate was replaced by wooden ones on most bows. In the second half of the study the authors review the possible Avar Period antecedents in the Carpathian Basin, and the contemporary (9th–11th century) and earlier (5th–8th century) eastern formal analogies of the bow-grip plate of Szentes-Derekegyházi oldal. Since no direct connection can be assumed between the 10th-century exemplars and the numerous Avar Period bow-grip plates of the Carpathian Basin due to fundamental differences, the origin of the 10th–11th-century bow-grip plates of the Carpathian Basin must be sought in the archaeological material of Eastern Europe. These were used not only in the period covered by the exemplars of the Carpathian Basin (9th–11th centuries), but in earlier centuries as well (Fig. 13). The best analogues can be found in the Sokolovskaya balka horizon of the Saltovo cultural-historical complex. We have to note that there is a significant difference between the quantity of these items in the Carpathian Basin and in Eastern Europe. One explanation might be that the bow manufacturers of the Carpathian Basin, who brought/inherited their skills from the East, left behind or used rarely this small element of bow manufacture.

Item Type: Article
Subjects: C Auxiliary Sciences of History / történeti segédtudományok > CC Archaeology / régészet
Depositing User: xKatalin xBarta
Date Deposited: 05 Jan 2017 13:57
Last Modified: 05 Jan 2017 13:57
URI: http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/44603

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