A mineral-scale investigation of the origin of the 2.6 Ma Füzes-tó basalt, Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (Pannonian Basin, Hungary)

Jankovics, Éva and Harangi, Szabolcs and Ntaflos, Theodoros (2009) A mineral-scale investigation of the origin of the 2.6 Ma Füzes-tó basalt, Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (Pannonian Basin, Hungary). Central European Geology, 52 (2). pp. 97-124. ISSN 1788-2281

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Abstract

Abstract The alkaline basalt of the Füzes-tó scoria cone is the youngest volcanic product of the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field. The bombs and massive lava fragments are rich in various crystals, such as mantle-derived xenocrysts (olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, spinel), high-pressure mineral phases (clinopyroxene) and phenocrysts (olivine, clinopyroxene). Peridotite xenoliths are also common. Ratios of incompatible trace elements (Zr/Nb and Nb/Y) suggest that the primary magma was formed in the transitional spinel-garnet stability field, at the uppermost part of the asthenosphere. Magmatic spinel inclusions with low-Cr# (22–35) in olivine phenocrysts can reflect a fertile peridotite source. The olivine, orthopyroxene, colourless clinopyroxene and spinel xenocrysts are derived from different depths of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle and their compositions resemble the mineral phases of the ultramafic xenoliths found in this region. The rarer green clinopyroxene cores of clinopyroxene phenocrysts could represent high-pressure products of crystallization from a more evolved melt than the host magma, or they could be derived from mafic lower crustal rocks. Crystallization of the basaltic magma resulted in olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Their compositions reflect polybaric crystallization with a final, strongly oxidized stage. The Füzes-tó basalt does not represent a certain magma composition, but a mixture of mineral phases having various origin and mantle-derived basaltic melt.

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