Evaluating the effect of year and fertilisation on the yield of mid ripening (FAO 400–499) maize hybrids

Nagy, J. (2007) Evaluating the effect of year and fertilisation on the yield of mid ripening (FAO 400–499) maize hybrids. Cereal Research Communications, 35 (3). pp. 1497-1507. ISSN 0133-3720

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Abstract

The high degree of climate variability is one of the highest risk factors of production, which has to be taken into consideration at all times even within the framework of modern agriculture.One of the most important opportunities of adapting to changing climatic conditions is the evaluation of plant types and genotypes according to fertility and genotypes.The effect of year on the yield of maize was examined through using a twenty-two year yield sequence. Weather was changeable in the examined period, therefore the effect of fertilisation was very different as well. The relationship between the quantity of precipitation in the winter period and growing season and the unfertilised treatments can be easily detected. The quantitative relationship between the two variables is average, because beside the total quantity of the precipitation the periodical distribution is also a significant factor that influences yield. Significantly small yield is not always accompanied by the lowest amount of precipitation (1994, 1995). Larger yields however, were always accompanied by higher precipitation (1998, 1999, 2001, 2004). It can be well detected that with similar precipitation quantities, different amounts of yields will form due to the periodical distribution of changing precipitation. The accessible spring water resource is decisively influenced by the winter period. Based on the evaluation of our research results we have found that the specific years showed a close correlation with fertilisation. In droughty years or in years with lower or average precipitation, the application of higher fertiliser dosages was more favourable, but only the application of 60 kg N/ha fertiliser dosage is required at most in consecutive dry years. A higher fertiliser dosage (1995) increases the risk of maize production, decreasing the risk associated, thus reducing the efficiency of maize production. In case of favourable water supply — based on experiment results — the application of 120 kg N/ha fertiliser dosage is justified. According to the results of variance analysis, the examined fertiliser effect is significant when jointly examining the twenty-two years. The effect of water supply was different, depending on the degree of water supply, when evaluating the specific years separately.The yield level of maize hybrids is 10 t/ha in years with favourable water cycles, while in droughty years the harvestable yield was 2–3 t/ha. Yield fluctuation can be reduced through appropriate soil cultivation, water and nutrient supply.

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