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Seed remains of common millet from the 4th (Mongolia) and 15th (Hungary) centuries: AFLP, SSR and mtDNA sequence recoveries.

Gyulai, Gábor and Humphreys, M. and Lágler, R. and Szabó, Z. and Tóth, Z. and Bittsánszky, András and Gyulai, Ferenc and Heszky, László (2006) Seed remains of common millet from the 4th (Mongolia) and 15th (Hungary) centuries: AFLP, SSR and mtDNA sequence recoveries. SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH, 16 (3). pp. 179-191. ISSN 0960-2585

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Abstract

Seed remains of common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) were excavated from sites of ad 4th-century Darhan (Mongolia), and ad 15th-century Budapest (Hungary). Because the 15th-century medieval grains looked so intact, a germination test was carried out under aseptic conditions, which resulted in swelling of the grains but no cell proliferation or germination. Ancient DNA (aDNA) was extracted from the aseptic grains; analysed for amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), simple sequence repeats (SSR) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA); and compared with the modern millet cultivar 'Topaz'. AFLP analysis revealed that extensive DNA degradation had occurred in the 4th-century ancient millet, resulting in only 2 (1.2%) AFLP fragments (98.8% degradation) amplified by MseCAA-EcoAGT, compared to the 15th-century medieval millet, with 158 (40%) fragments (60% degradation), and modern millet cultivar 'Topaz' with 264 fragments (100%). EcoAGT-MseCAA was found to be the most effective selective-primer combination for the analysis of medieval and modern millet. Eight AFLP fragments were sequenced after re-amplification and cloning. Microsatellite (SSR) analysis at the nuclear gln4, sh1, rps28 and rps15 loci revealed one SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) at the 29th position (A -> G) of rps28 locus, compared to modern millet. An mtDNA fragment (MboI), amplified at the 18S-5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus in the medieval millet, showed no molecular changes compared to modern millet. The results underline the significance of aDNA extraction and analysis of excavated seeds for comparative analysis and molecular reconstruction of ancient and extinct plant genotypes.

Item Type: Article
Subjects: Q Science / természettudomány > QH Natural history / természetrajz > QH426 Genetics / genetika, örökléstan
Q Science / természettudomány > QK Botany / növénytan
SWORD Depositor: MTMT SWORD
Depositing User: MTMT SWORD
Date Deposited: 16 Jul 2013 11:56
Last Modified: 16 Jul 2013 11:56
URI: http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/5967

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