Landnahmezeitliches Gräberfeld in Tiszavasvári-Aranykerti Tábla

Révész, L. (2007) Landnahmezeitliches Gräberfeld in Tiszavasvári-Aranykerti Tábla. Acta Archaeologica, 58 (2). pp. 295-339. ISSN 0001-5210

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Abstract

Cemetery from the Conquest Period at Tiszavasvári-Aranykerti tábla (after István Dienes’s excavation) . The site can be found north of Tiszavasvári (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county). The 20 graves of the cemetery contained 21 burials. Together with the four graves (A, B, C, and D) that were found in a totally disarranged condition at the start of the excavations, the complete cemetery has been unearthed.The distribution of the buried persons by sex was relatively even: the graves of seven men and eight women were unearthed together with the graves of four infants. The anthropological material was not sufficient for the determination of the sex of two persons (graves A and no. 10). The graves of men and women were not separated although only women and infants were buried in the northern and the western parts of the cemetery.The objects listed as the parallels of the sabre decorated with twisted braids, the most interesting find of the cemetery, are known from sites dated from the first half or the first two thirds of the 10 ^th century, which date the production of the Tiszavasvári sabre from the same period. Similar twisted braid ornaments can be observed on the pommel and the cross-bar of the two-edged swords found at Elisabeth bridge in Budapest and in grave no. 21 at Szob-Kiserdő. The swords belong of J. Petersen’s S-type and are dated from between the second half of the 10 ^th century and the beginning of the 10 ^th century.Objects with similar ornaments probably prepared in Hungarian workshops suggest that craftsmen working in these workshops were either of Viking origin or skilled in Viking goldsmith’s work.The majority of theobjects recovered from the graves were commonly used from the beginning of the 10 ^th century to the beginning of the 11 ^th century, while other finds occurred until the last third of the 11 ^th century. The analogues of a few object types can be dated from the middle of the 10 ^th century, while other items were characteristic of the second half of the century. The graves are definitely of a pagan rite. Burials with horses, the frequency of food in the graves and the weapons, the jewellery and the dress ornaments placed beside the dead indicate that conversion to Christian religion did not exercise any effect on the life and burial customs of the community living at Tiszavasvári.

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