Effects of rotenone and other mitochondrial complex I inhibitors on the brine shrimp Artemia

Vehovszky, Ágnes and Szabó, Henriette and Ács, A. and Győri, J. and Farkas, Anna (2010) Effects of rotenone and other mitochondrial complex I inhibitors on the brine shrimp Artemia. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 61 (4). pp. 401-410. ISSN 0236-5383

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Abstract

Brine shrimp (Artemia) nauplii was used to asses the toxicity of rotenone, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) and the effect of L-DOPA co-treatment with rotenone. Rotenone had a dose dependent effect on mortality (LC50: 0.37±0.04 µM mean± SE, n=24), while MPTP and MPP+ proved to be toxic in millimolar range (LC50: 0.21±0.09 mM and 0.20±0.08 mM, respectively, n=4). L-DOPA (50–200 µM) co-treatment increased the survival of the rotenone-treated animals (LC50: 0.51±0.23 µM, 1.03±0.66 µM, and 0.76±0.52 µM, respectively). In the whole body tissue homogenates of Artemia, sublethal (up to 0.3 µM) concentrations of rotenone increased the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity by up to 50 about percent (LC50: 53.3±6.8 nM/min/mg protein, against 34.7± 3.6 nM/min/mg protein, n=4). Nauplii treated in 100 mM L-DOPA and rotenone together showed further increase of GST activity all across the range of rotenone concentrations. These results on Artemia nauplii show similarities with other animal models, when complex I inhibitors were tested. Biochemical measurements suggest a protective role of L-DOPA by increasing the GST activity as part of the intracellular defences during toxin-evoked oxidative stress.

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