East European Connections and Roots of the 10 Centuries Archaeological Heritage in the Carpathian Basin by the Results of the Latest Investigations (Восточноевропейские корни археологического наследства древних мадьяр в Карпатской котловине (10 в.) на фоне новых результатов исследований).

Türk, Attila Antal (2018) East European Connections and Roots of the 10 Centuries Archaeological Heritage in the Carpathian Basin by the Results of the Latest Investigations (Восточноевропейские корни археологического наследства древних мадьяр в Карпатской котловине (10 в.) на фоне новых результатов исследований). In: Материалы IV Международного Мадьярского симпозиума. Казань‒Болгар, 15‒19 октября 2018 г. Главный редактор: Ситдиков, А. Г. Археология евразийских степей 6. Казань 2018,. pp. 241-251.

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Abstract

Early Hungarian history, better known as Hungarian prehistory, is a research area with scarce written sources. Consequently, archaeology, as a scientifi c discipline boasting a rapidly increasing number of sources, may acquire signifi cant importance in this area. This is a fact even if from a methodological perspective, the historical and ethnic assessment of archaeological fi ndings must satisfy much stricter criteria than before. To arrive at a reliable historical interpretation, we would need to be familiar with the ethnic identity of the original owners of the archaeological fi ndings as well as with their political affi liation, which obviously surpasses the scope of archaeology. Nevertheless, thorough knowledge about the contemporary, signifi cant archaeological diff erences between the Eastern European grassy and forest steppes, forest regions, and the microregions of the former makes it possible to research migration with traditional archaeological methods. Completing our investigation with natural scientifi c methods, we may have a lot more to say about these matters than our predecessors. For archaeology, the fundamental question about the early Hungarian history has remained the same to this day: from the archaeological fi ndings of the territory stretching from the Urals to the Carpathian Basin, i.e. west of the Western Siberian proto-homeland hypothesized earlier based on linguistic arguments, what links can be made to the early medieval ancestors of Hungarians? Or in other words, can the location of the individual settlement areas – hypothesized on the basis of the written sources – be confi rmed in light of the more recent archaeological fi ndings? Moreover, do the origins and the system of relations of the fi ndings from the Age of the Conquest direct researchers primarily towards the east, and if yes, to what extent? To answer these questions, two research methodologies have essentially been developed in the course of over 100 years. One of them proceeds from the Urals towards the Carpathians, referred to as the linear method, while the retrospective method takes the 10th-century heritage of the Carpathian Basin as a point of reference and guides the researchers in fi nging the Eastern European antecedents. In my article, I will go over the latest archaeological fi ndings based on the latter.

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