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Sex Differences in Morphological and Functional Aspects of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in a Rat Model

Oláh, Attila and Mátyás, Csaba and Kellermayer, Dalma and Ruppert, Mihály and Barta, Balint Andras and Koncsos, Gábor and Giricz, Zoltán and Ferdinandy, Péter and Merkely, Béla Péter and Radovits, Tamás (2019) Sex Differences in Morphological and Functional Aspects of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in a Rat Model. FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY, 10. ISSN 1664-042X

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Abstract

Background: Recent evidences suggest that sex hormones may be involved in the regulation of exercise-induced left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. However, the sex-specific functional consequences of exercise-induced myocardial hypertrophy is still not investigated in detail. We aimed at understanding the sex-specific functional and morphological alterations in the LV and the underlying molecular changes in a rat model of athlete's heart.Methods: We divided our young, adult male and female rats into control and exercised groups. Athlete's heart was induced by a 12-week long swim training. Following the training period, we assessed LV hypertrophy with echocardiography, while pressure-volume analysis was performed to investigate in vivo LV function. After in vivo experiments, molecular biological studies and histological investigations were performed.Results: Echocardiography and post-mortem measured heart weight data indicated LV hypertrophy in both genders, nevertheless it was more pronounced in females. Despite the more significant relative hypertrophy in females, characteristic functional parameters did not show notable differences between the genders. LV pressure-volume analysis showed increased stroke volume, improved contractility and stroke work and unaltered LV stiffness in both male and female exercised rats, while active relaxation was ameliorated solely in male animals. The induction of Akt signaling was more significant in females compared to males. There was also a characteristic difference in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as suppressed phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK (Erk) and mTOR was observed in female exercised rats, but not in male ones. Myosin heavy chain alpha (MHC)/beta-MHC ratio did not differ in males, but increased markedly in females.Conclusion: Our results confirm that there is a more pronounced exercise-induced LV hypertrophy in females as compared to the males, however, there are only minor differences regarding LV function. There are characteristic molecular differences between male and female animals, that can explain different degrees of LV hypertrophy.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Összes idézések száma a WoS-ban: 0 Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary Export Date: 13 August 2019 Correspondence Address: Oláh, A.; Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis UniversityHungary; email: o.attilio@gmail.com Funding details: Semmelweis Egyetem Funding details: STIA-KF-17 Funding details: Emberi Eroforrások Minisztériuma Funding details: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, MTA Funding details: Office of Research, Innovation and Economic Development, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, ORIED Funding details: Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, NKFI, K120277 Funding text 1: This work was supported by a grant from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) of Hungary (K120277), by the ÚNKP-17-4 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities to AO, TR, and ZG, by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (to TR and ZG), and by the Semmelweis University Innovation Found STIA-KF-17 (to AO). Project No. NVKP_16-1-2016-0017 has been implemented with support from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary, financed under the NVKP_16 funding scheme. The research was financed by the Higher Education Institutional Excellence Programme of the Ministry of Human Capacities in Hungary, within the framework of the Therapeutic Development Thematic Programme of the Semmelweis University.
Uncontrolled Keywords: athlete's heart; sex differences; Left ventricular function; pressure-volume analysis; exercise-induced hypertrophy;
Subjects: R Medicine / orvostudomány > R1 Medicine (General) / orvostudomány általában
SWORD Depositor: MTMT SWORD
Depositing User: MTMT SWORD
Date Deposited: 25 Sep 2019 14:23
Last Modified: 25 Sep 2019 14:23
URI: http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/101412

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