Ullman, Michael T and Earle, Sayako F and Walenski, Matthew and Janacsek, Karolina (2020) The neurocognition of developmental disorders of language. Annual review of psychology, 71. pp. 389-417. ISSN 0066-4308, eISSN 1545-2085
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Abstract
Developmental disorders of language include developmental language disorder, motor-speech disorders such as articulation disorder and stuttering, and dyslexia. These disorders have been explained by various accounts, which generally focus on their behavioral rather than neural characteristics, their processing rather than learning impairments, and each disorder separately rather than together, despite their commonalities and comorbidities. Here we update and review a unifying neurocognitive account, the Procedural circuit Deficit Hypothesis (PDH). The PDH posits that abnormalities of brain structures underlying procedural memory (learning and memory that relies on the basal ganglia and associated circuitry) can explain numerous brain and behavioral characteristics, across learning and processing, in multiple disorders, including both commonalities and differences. We describe procedural memory, examine its role in multiple aspects of language, and then present the PDH and relevant evidence across language-related disorders. The PDH has substantial explanatory power, and both basic research and translational implications.
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