Challenges of unculturable bacteria

Bodor, Attila and Bounedjoum, Naila and Vincze, György Erik and Erdeiné Kis, Ágnes and Laczi, Krisztián and Bende, Gábor and Szilágyi, Árpád and Kovács, Tamás and Perei, Katalin and Rákhely, Gábor (2020) Challenges of unculturable bacteria. REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY, 19 (1). pp. 1-22. ISSN 1569-1705

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Abstract

Environmental biotechnology offers several promising techniques for the rehabilitation of polluted environments. The modern industrialized world presents novel challenges to the environmental sciences, requiring a constant development and deepening of knowledge to enable the characterization of novel pollutants and a better understanding of the bioremediation strategies as well as their limiting factors. The success of bioremediation depends heavily on the survival and activities of indigenous microbial communities and their interaction with introduced microorganisms. The majority of natural microbiomes remain uncultivated; therefore, further investigations focusing on their intrinsic functions in ecosystems are needed. In this review, we aimed to provide (a) a comprehensive overview of the presence of viable but nonculturable bacteria and yet-to-be-cultivated cells in nature and their diverse awakening strategies in response to, among other factors, signalling extracellular metabolites (autoinducers, resuscitation promoting factors, and siderophores); (b) an outline of the trends in isolating unculturable bacteria; and (c) the potential applications of these hidden players in rehabilitation processes.

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