Increasing Evidences on the Relationship Between Salicylic and Polyamines in Plants

Pál, Magda and Janda, Tibor and Gondor, Orsolya Kinga and Szalai, Gabriella (2021) Increasing Evidences on the Relationship Between Salicylic and Polyamines in Plants. In: Salicylic Acid - A Versatile Plant Growth Regulator. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 175-191. ISBN 9783030792282

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Abstract

Salicylic acid (SA) is generally present in plants in quantities of a few μg/g fresh mass or less, either in the free state or in the form of glycosylated, methylated, glucose-ester or amino acid conjugates. It directly or indirectly affects various physiological processes, including germination, vegetative growth, flower induction, thermogenesis, ion and nutrient uptake, nitrogen metabolism, transpiration, photosynthesis, and respiration. SA may also contribute to maintain cellular redox homeostasis, through the regulation of antioxidant enzymes. SA, as a signalling molecule, plays role in local and systemic acquired resistance against pathogens as well as in acclimation to abiotic stressors. Negative or positive interactions of SA with other hormones like abscisic acid, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins or jasmonic acid have an important role in the fine-tuning of the immune response during stress conditions. Natural polyamines (PAs) are water-soluble aliphatic amines present in all cells, but have not been given the status of plant hormones, because of their general relatively high, 10−9–10−5 M concentration. They play an essential role in regulating plant development and life functions, such as plant growth, cell division and differentiation, transcription and translation. PAs are suggested to be considered not only as direct protective molecules, but also as versatile compounds that play key role in the regulation of stress tolerance, interacting directly with other metabolic pathways and hormonal crosstalk, and activate the expression of stress-responsive genes. In redox regulation, PAs have dual role, as they are both sources of reactive oxygen species and potential quenchers of them, so they also play a role in the regulation of plant redox homeostasis. In addition, despite of numerous reviews published on the interactions between SA and phytohormones, the synthesis of current information on the relationship between SA and PAs is scarce. This chapter will provide insight in the mode and levels of the connection between SA and PAs.

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