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Viable protoplast formation of the coral endosymbiont alga Symbiodinium spp. in a microfluidics platform

Bashir, Faiza and Kovács, Sándor and Ábrahám, Ágnes and Nagy, Krisztina and Ayaydin, Ferhan and Kelemen-Valkony, Ildikó and Ferenc, Györgyi and Galajda, Péter and Tóth, Szilvia Zita and Sass, László and Kós, Péter and Vass, Imre and Szabó, Milán (2022) Viable protoplast formation of the coral endosymbiont alga Symbiodinium spp. in a microfluidics platform. LAB ON A CHIP, 22 (16). pp. 2986-2999. ISSN 1473-0197

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Abstract

Symbiodiniaceae is an important dinoflagellate family which lives in endosymbiosis with reef invertebrates, including coral polyps, making them central to the holobiont. With coral reefs currently under extreme threat from climate change, there is a pressing need to improve our understanding on the stress tolerance and stress avoidance mechanisms of Symbiodinium spp. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen are central players in mediating various stress responses; however, the detection of ROS using specific dyes is still far from definitive in intact Symbiodinium cells due to the hindrance of uptake of certain fluorescent dyes because of the presence of the cell wall. Protoplast technology provides a promising platform for studying oxidative stress with the main advantage of removed cell wall, however the preparation of viable protoplasts remains a significant challenge. Previous studies have successfully applied cellulose-based protoplast preparation in Symbiodiniaceae; however, the protoplast formation and regeneration process was found to be suboptimal. Here, we present a microfluidics-based platform which allowed protoplast isolation from individually trapped Symbiodinium cells, by using a precisely adjusted flow of cell wall digestion enzymes (cellulase and macerozyme). Trapped single cells exhibited characteristic changes in their morphology, cessation of cell division and a slight decrease in photosynthetic activity during protoplast formation. Following digestion and transfer to regeneration medium, protoplasts remained photosynthetically active, regrew cell walls, regained motility, and entered exponential growth. Elevated flow rates in the microfluidic chambers resulted in somewhat faster protoplast formation; however, cell wall digestion at higher flow rates partially compromised photosynthetic activity. Physiologically competent protoplasts prepared from trapped cells in microfluidic chambers allowed for the first time the visualization of the intracellular localization of singlet oxygen (using Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green dye) in Symbiodiniaceae, potentially opening new avenues for studying oxidative stress.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Funding Agency and Grant Number: Hungarian Academy of Sciences, MTA Premium Postdoctoral Research Program [GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00026, PREMIUM-2017-38]; National Research, Development and Innovation Office [NKFIH FK 128977, NKFIH K 116016, NKFIH K 116526, NKFIH PD 124889]; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences [BO/00463/18/8] Funding text: This work was supported by the grants GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00026, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, MTA Premium Postdoctoral Research Program PREMIUM-2017-38 (awarded to M. S.), National Research, Development and Innovation Office grant number NKFIH FK 128977 (awarded to M. S.), NKFIH K 116016, NKFIH K 116526 (awarded to P. G.), and NKFIH PD 124889 (awarded to K. N.) K. N. was supported by the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (BO/00463/18/8). The authors thank Laszlo Der for valuable discussions and his help with the model calculations.
Subjects: Q Science / természettudomány > QH Natural history / természetrajz > QH301 Biology / biológia > QH3011 Biochemistry / biokémia
Q Science / természettudomány > QK Botany / növénytan > QK10 Plant physiology / növényélettan
SWORD Depositor: MTMT SWORD
Depositing User: MTMT SWORD
Date Deposited: 21 Sep 2022 11:52
Last Modified: 21 Sep 2022 11:52
URI: http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/149204

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