Apparent counter-rotation in the torus of NGC 1068: influence of an asymmetric wind

Bannikova, Elena Yu. and Akerman, Nina A. and Capaccioli Massimo, Massimo and Berczik, Péter and Akhmetov, Volodymyr S. (2022) Apparent counter-rotation in the torus of NGC 1068: influence of an asymmetric wind. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. ISSN 0035-8711

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Abstract

The recent ALMA maps together with observations of H$_2$O maser emission seem to suggest the presence of a counter-rotation in the obscuring torus of NGC1068. We propose to explain this phenomenon as due to the influence of a wind and the effects of orientation. In order to test this idea: 1. we use N-body simulation of a clumpy torus in the gravitational field of a supermassive black hole taking into account mutual forces between clouds; 2. we consider the influence of the asymmetrical wind on the clouds in the torus throat. An axis of such a wind is tilted with respect to the torus symmetry axis; 3. we apply ray-tracing algorithm to take into account the effects of obscuration and of the torus orientation relative to an observer. By choosing the AGN parameters corresponding to NGC1068 we obtain the model velocity maps that emulate the effect of an apparent counter-rotation and can explain the discovery made by ALMA.

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