Analysis of Key Establishment Techniques for Secure D2D Communication in Emerging 5G Cellular Networks

Butt, Amir Aziz and Chughta, Gohar Rehman and Kabir, Asif and Mahood, Zahid and Jaffri, Zain ul Abidin and Oláh, Judit (2021) Analysis of Key Establishment Techniques for Secure D2D Communication in Emerging 5G Cellular Networks. ACTA MONTANISTICA SLOVACA, 26 (3). pp. 395-403. ISSN 1335-1788

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Abstract

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication as part of emerging 5G wireless networks presents a new paradigm for enhancing the performance of traditional cellular networks. The number of devices connected over the internet is dramatically increasing, and cellular operators are struggling to harness the overwhelming data traffic on their networks. D2D communication in a cellular network allows two cellular devices in close proximity to communicate directly with each other without going through the base station. D2D communication faces various challenges that include device discovery, resource allocation, interference and security; however, the security aspects of D2D are not sufficiently addressed. Due to limited computing capability and energy-constrained D2D devices, effective and lightweight security solutions are required for enabling successful D2D capability. To secure D2D communication, session key establishment is the most vital task. Public Key Cryptography (PKC) is the most widely used cryptosystem and have numerous security applications such as encryption, digital signature, and key exchange. This work analyses the performance of three PKC protocols that are commonly used for session key establishment and exchange, namely, Diffie-Hellman (DH), Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH), with a focus on D2D communication. We performed extensive simulations for DH, RSA and ECDH, in D2D communication scenarios using OMNET++ simulator and explored the effect of various network factors on key establishment delays such as network size, the impact of interference between D2D pairs and the effect of interference from cellular users upon D2D users as well. The results reported in this paper can provide significant insight in assessing the suitability of DH, RSA and ECDH for the key establishment for D2D in 5G networks.

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