Assessment of 25 genes reported to influence thousand grain weight in winter wheat germplasm

Cristina, Daniel and Ciuca, Matilda and Mandea, Vasile and Cornea, Calina-Petruta (2022) Assessment of 25 genes reported to influence thousand grain weight in winter wheat germplasm. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 50 (2). pp. 237-243. ISSN 0133-3720 (print), 1788-9170 (online)

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Abstract

Exploitation of genetic variation for TGW and related traits is a promising approach to improve wheat yield in wheat breeding programs. The aim of this study was the molecular characterization of 34 winter wheat cultivars with functional markers for the assessment of candidate genes known to enhance thousand grain weight and/or thousand grain weight components. We analyzed the effects of 25 genes related to water-soluble carbohydrates, starch, cell division and grain size regulation, abiotic stress, chlorophyll, and adaptability on grain size and weight. Ten genes were found to be associated with grain size and/or thousand grain weight: Six genes were associated with grain length (TaSST-D1, TaFlo2-A1, Ppd-D1, 6-SFT-A2, TaTEF-7A, and Tackx4), five with grain width (TaSnRK2.3-1B, Ppd-D1, TaSST-D1, 1-FEH w3, and TaGS-D1), three with factor form-density (TaGS1a, TaPPH-7A, and Ppd-D1), and three with TGW (TaSST-D1, TaFlo2-A1, and Tackx4). Also, a possible new haplotype at 6-SFT-A2 and TaSST-D1 loci was identified during the study. These results confirmed many previous studies mostly performed on spring wheat, but also contradicted some others and identified new possible associations, providing proof that the genetic background of wheat cultivars and interactions with the growing environment affect the expression of genes and/or QTL’s that can influence grain size and weight. Our results demonstrated that accumulation of favorable/superior alleles has a significant positive effect on the studied traits, as genotypes with an allelic profile comprised of all favorable alleles for each trait were superior compared to genotypes with different allelic profiles.

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