Evaluation of integrated responses of tillage and herbicides on weeds, soil biochemistry and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Eastern Sub-Himalayan plain of India

Roy, Suchitra and Paul, Tarun and Patra, Partha Sarathi and Nandi, Kousik and Mondal, Prithusayak (2022) Evaluation of integrated responses of tillage and herbicides on weeds, soil biochemistry and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Eastern Sub-Himalayan plain of India. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 50 (4). pp. 1249-1258. ISSN 0133-3720 (print), 1788-9170 (online)

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Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India to study the impacts of tillage and herbicides on weeds, biochemical properties of soil, and productivity of wheat. Tillage systems had similar weed diversity, density and weed control index (WCI), whereas there were significant effects due to weed control treatments. Two hand weeding had superior weed control followed by Glyphosate 41% SL @ 2.5 L ha−1 + (Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG) @ 40 g ha−1 and (Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG) @ 40 g ha−1, as this treatment resulted in flat weed diversity, density, highest WCI, upsurge in grain yield and furthermore enriched biochemical properties of soil. Conventional tillage (CT) system recorded lower weed density than reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage systems. Convincingly, low weed density, dry matter and highest WCI were recorded in two hand weeding at 20 and 40 days after sowing followed by herbicidal treatments at 40 and 60 DAS. Higher grain yield obtained with CT (3.48 t ha−1 and 3.88 t ha−1) was statistically at par with RT (3.12 t ha−1 and 3.59 t ha−1). Among the weed control treatments, hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS generated more grain yield (3.61 t ha−1) during 2017–18 and Glyphosate 41% SL 2.5 l ha−1 + (Sulfosulfuron75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG) @ 40 g ha−1 generated higher grain yield (3.90 t ha−1) during 2018–19. Soil organic carbon, soil available N, P2O5, and exchangeable K2O were found non-significant due to tillage systems. Expressively higher soil organic carbon, soil available N, P2O5, and exchangeable K2O were recorded with (Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG) @ 60 g ha−1 and (Sulfosulfuron 75% + Metsulfuron methyl 5% WG) @ 40 g ha−1. In CT, higher bacterial and actinomycetes colonies were found which was at par with RT. Herbicidal treatments recorded a higher number of bacterial and actinomycetes colonies and a lower number of fungal colonies.

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