Szent Demeter és a magyar királyi korona = Saint Demetrius and the Hungarian Royal Crown

Holler, László (2001) Szent Demeter és a magyar királyi korona = Saint Demetrius and the Hungarian Royal Crown. MAGYAR EGYHÁZTÖRTÉNETI VÁZLATOK - REGNUM = ESSAYS IN CHURCH HISTORY IN HUNGARY, 13 (3-4). pp. 5-17. ISSN 0865-5227

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Abstract

The starting point of this study of multi-disciplinary nature is the identification of Sirmium, — present day Sremska Mitrovica, once belonging to Hungary —, as the birthplace of Saint Demetrius. The author mentions the legend of Saint Demetrius from the "Zagreb Breviary" of 1290 as the earliest Hungarian source keeping the tradition he was born in Pannonia. The analysis of the Byzantine seals of the 11th century strengthen the conclusion that the primary patron saint of the territories south of the Sava-Danube region was Saint Demetrius indeed. The Hungarian Royal Crown bears the enamel portrait of Saint Demetrius also. The author expresses his opinion that the actual appearance and actual place of this picture does have a connection in the above mentioned observation. Referring to one of his earlier publications discussing all the sources in detail (Századok 130., 1996. p. 907-964.), the author states that another enamel picture of the Hungarian Royal Crown, — which was believed to show the Hungarian king, Géza I. for a long time —, actually represents the leader of the North-Western territories of the Byzantine Empire, called Turkia at the turn of the 1070’s and 1080’s. His further observation concerning the Hungarian Royal Crown, that the political leader and the main patron saint appear at the two endpoints of a diagonal according to plan. Analyzing further symmetry-characters as well as the conception behind the original enamel pictures of the crown the author reaches the conclusion that the portraits of Alexios Komnenos, Emperor of Byzantium (1081-1118) and Georgij II, King of Georgia (1072-1089) were represented originally on the Hungarian Royal Crown, and the lower part of the crown itself was made in 1081, between August and December.

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