Phytotoxic effects of aluminum and aluminum-tolerance of emmer populations

Lymanska, S. and Palachova, N. and German, O. and Turchinova, N. and Rozhkov, R. and Maslennikov, D. and Popov, V. and Ponurenko, S. and Dolhova, T. (2023) Phytotoxic effects of aluminum and aluminum-tolerance of emmer populations. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 51 (3). pp. 649-658. ISSN 0133-3720 (print), 1788-9170 (online)

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Abstract

The effect of aluminum concentrations (10−6, 5 × 10−6, 10−5, 5 × 10−5, 10−4, 5 × 10−4, 10−3, and 5 × 10−3 mol/L) on emmer populations of various eco-geographical origin was investigated. The emmer populations were shown to cover a wide genetic diversity in terms of aluminum-tolerance. Cytogenetic analysis revealed that low concentrations of aluminum (10−6 and 5 × 10−6 mol/L) inhibited the mitotic activity of the root apical meristem both in aluminum-susceptible and in aluminum-resistant emmer populations in the initial stages of growth and that there were cells with abnormal mitosis (0.4–4.8%). Toxic concentrations (TC) of aluminum, which inhibit root growth by 10, 50 and 90%, were determined for each experimental population of emmer by regression analysis. The emmer populations were screened for aluminum-tolerance, using such indicators as the root length, root tolerance index (RTI), TC50, ΔTC90-10, hematoxylin staining of roots with determination of differentiating concentrations of aluminum for emmer and aluminum-tolerance scoring. The RTI, IC50, hematoxylin staining and aluminum-tolerance scoring gave similar results, so they can be recommended as express methods for determining the tolerance of emmer populations to aluminum ions.

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