Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in 42 countries: Insights from the International Sex Survey and introduction of standardized assessment tools

Bőthe, Beáta and Koós, Mónika and Nagy, Léna and Kraus, Shane W. and Demetrovics, Zsolt and Potenza, Marc N. and Michaud, Aurélie and Ballester-Arnal, Rafael and Batthyány, Dominik and Bergeron, Sophie and Billieux, Joël and Briken, Peer and Burkauskas, Julius and Cárdenas-López, Georgina and Carvalho, Joana and Castro-Calvo, Jesús and Chen, Lijun and Ciocca, Giacomo and Corazza, Ornella and Csako, Rita and Fernandez, David P. and Fernandez, Elaine F. and Fournier, Loïs and Fujiwara, Hironobu and Fuss, Johannes and Gabrhelík, Roman and Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret and Gjoneska, Biljana and Gola, Mateusz and Grubbs, Joshua B. and Hashim, Hashim T. and Islam, Md. Saiful and Ismail, Mustafa and Jiménez-Martínez, Martha C. and Jurin, Tanja and Kalina, Ondrej and Klein, Verena and Költő, András and Lee, Chih-Ting and Lee, Sang-Kyu and Lewczuk, Karol and Lin, Chung-Ying and Lochner, Christine and López-Alvarado, Silvia and Lukavská, Kateřina and Mayta-Tristán, Percy and Milea, Ionut and Miller, Dan J. and Orosová, Oľga and Orosz, Gábor and Ponce, Fernando P. and Quintana, Gonzalo R. and Quintero Garzola, Gabriel C. and Ramos-Diaz, Jano and Rigaud, Kévin and Rousseau, Ann and De Tubino Scanavino, Marco and Schulmeyer, Marion K. and Sharan, Pratap and Shibata, Mami and Shoib, Sheikh and Sigre Leirós, Vera L. and Sniewski, Luke and Spasovski, Ognen and Steibliene, Vesta and Stein, Dan J. and Strizek, Julian and Štulhofer, Aleksandar and Ünsal, Berk C. and Vaillancourt-Morel, Marie-Pier (2023) Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in 42 countries: Insights from the International Sex Survey and introduction of standardized assessment tools. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 12 (2). pp. 393-407. ISSN 2062-5871

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Abstract

Background and aims: Despite its inclusion in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, there is a virtual paucity of high-quality scientific evidence about compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), especially in underrepresented and underserved populations. Therefore, we comprehensively examined CSBD across 42 countries, genders, and sexual orientations, and validated the original (CSBD-19) and short (CSBD-7) versions of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale to provide stan- dardized, state-of-the-art screening tools for research and clinical practice. Method: Using data from the International Sex Survey (N 5 82,243; Mage 5 32.39 years, SD 5 12.52), we evaluated the psychometric properties of the CSBD-19 and CSBD-7 and compared CSBD across 42 countries, three genders, eight sexual orientations, and individuals with low vs. high risk of experiencing CSBD. Results: A total of 4.8% of the participants were at high risk of experiencing CSBD. Country- and gender-based differences were observed, while no sexual-orientation-based differences were pre- sent in CSBD levels. Only 14% of individuals with CSBD have ever sought treatment for this disorder, with an additional 33% not having sought treatment because of various reasons. Both versions of the scale demonstrated excellent validity and reliability. Discus- sion and conclusions: This study contributes to a better under- standing of CSBD in underrepresented and underserved populations and facilitates its identification in diverse populations by providing freely accessible ICD-11-based screening tools in 26 languages. The findings may also serve as a crucial building block to stimulate research into evidence-based, culturally sensitive pre- vention and intervention strategies for CSBD that are currently missing from the literature.

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