Vortices and magnetic bags in Abelian models with extended scalar sectors and some of their applications

Forgács, Péter and Lukács, Árpád László (2016) Vortices and magnetic bags in Abelian models with extended scalar sectors and some of their applications. PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 94 (12). ISSN 2470-0010

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Abstract

A detailed study of vortices is presented in Ginzburg-Landau (or Abelian Higgs) mod- els with two complex scalars (order parameters) assuming a general U(1)×U(1) symmetric potential. Particular emphasis is given to the case, when only one of the scalars obtains a vacuum expectation value (VEV). It is found that for a significantly large domain in parameter space vortices with a scalar field condensate in their core (condensate core, CC) coexist with Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen (ANO) vortices. Importantly CC vortices are stable and have lower energy than the ANO ones. Magnetic bags or giant vortices of the order of 1000 flux quanta are favoured to form for the range of parameters ("strong couplings") appearing for the superconducting state of liquid metallic hydrogen (LMH). Furthermore, it is argued that finite energy/unit length 1VEV vortices are smoothly connected to frac- tional flux 2VEV ones. Stable, finite energy CC-type vortices are also exhibited in the case when one of the scalar fields is neutral.

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