Gravitational-wave Observations May Constrain Gamma-Ray Burst Models: The Case of GW150914–GBM

Veres, Péter and Preece, R. D. and Goldstein, A. and Mészáros, P. and Burns, E. (2016) Gravitational-wave Observations May Constrain Gamma-Ray Burst Models: The Case of GW150914–GBM. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 827 (2). ISSN 2041-8205

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Abstract

The possible short gamma-ray burst (GRB) observed by Fermi/GBM in coincidence with the first gravitational wave (GW) detection, offers new ways to test GRB prompt emission models. Gravita- tional wave observations provide previously unaccessible physical parameters for the black hole central engine such as its horizon radius and rotation parameter. Using a minimum jet launching radius from the Advanced LIGO measurement of GW 150914, we calculate photospheric and internal shock models and find that they are marginally inconsistent with the GBM data, but cannot be definitely ruled out. Dissipative photosphere models, however have no problem explaining the observations. Based on the peak energy and the observed flux, we find that the external shock model gives a natural explanation, suggesting a low interstellar density (∼ 10−3 cm−3) and a high Lorentz factor (∼ 2000). We only speculate on the exact nature of the system producing the gamma-rays, and study the parameter space of a generic Blandford Znajek model. If future joint observations confirm the GW-short GRB association we can provide similar but more detailed tests for prompt emission models.

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