Fundamental limitation of ultrastrong coupling between light and atoms

Vukics, András and Griesser, Tobias and Domokos, Péter (2015) Fundamental limitation of ultrastrong coupling between light and atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 92 (4). ISSN 2469-9926

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Abstract

In a recent work of ours, we generalized the Power–Zineau–Woolley gauge to describe the electro- dynamics of atoms in an arbitrary confined geometry. Here we complement the theory by proposing a tractable form of the polarization field to represent atomic material with well-defined intra-atomic potential. The direct electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms is cancelled. This the- ory yields a suitable framework to determine limitations on the light-matter coupling in quantum optical models with discernible atoms. We find that the superradiant criticality is at the border of covalent molecule formation and crystallization.

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