Secondary metabolites from Gentiana cruciata L. and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities

Konya, Rima and Reis, Rengin and Sipahi, Hande and Barta, Anita and Hohmann, Judit and Kırmızıbekmez, Hasan (2023) Secondary metabolites from Gentiana cruciata L. and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH, 37 (18). pp. 3025-3032. ISSN 1478-6419

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Abstract

A previously unreported secoiridoid glycoside, cruciatoside (1) was isolated from the aerial parts of Gentiana cruciata L. along with ten known compounds eustomoside (2), eustomorusside (3), gentiopicroside (4), 6'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl gentiopicroside (5), loganic acid (6), isoorientin (7), isovitexin (8), isovitexin 2''-(E)-ferulate (9), mangiferin (10), and 2-methyl-inositol (11). The chemical structures of the isolates were elucidated based on extensive 1 D and 2 D NMR experiments as well as HRMS analysis. All isolates were evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Compounds 9, 4, and 7 (200 mu M) showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitrite production from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, with the inhibition rates of 39.5%, 25.8% and 22.9% respectively without exhibiting substantial cytotoxicity. Besides, 1, 2, 4, and 7 exerted the highest decrease in IL-6 levels. Moreover, compound 4 showed in vitro analgesic activity by decreasing the PGE(2) level comparable to the reference drugs.

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