Investigations by gas chromatograph on the chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution in two areas of Lake Balaton

Pásztor, Zsuzsa and Ponyi, Jenő and Holló, Attila and Gönczy, Lily (1975) Investigations by gas chromatograph on the chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution in two areas of Lake Balaton. A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Tihanyi Biológiai Kutatóintézetének évkönyve, 42. pp. 191-202. ISSN 0365-3005

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Abstract

In 1973 the authors studied the chlorinated hydrocarbon pollution in two regions of different water q uality of Lake Balaton with gas-chromatographic method. At the collection sites water, samples of phytoplankton and plankton crustaceans were taken, and white grass-carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), carp (Gyprinus carpio) and pike-perch (Stizostedion lucioperca) were collected. The quantity of γ-HCH, DDT, DDE and DDD chlorinate hydrocarbons were examined in all samples. After the gas-chromatographic analyses the followings could be established: 1. The γ-HCH pollution of the Keszthely Bay and the open water at Tihany was identical in spring (35 ng/lit). At the inlet of River Zala and in the river itself this value was somewhat higher (37 and 39 ng/l). In autumn their quantity decreased at each of the sampling sites. 2. In spring the DDD concentration was distributed evenly in the lake (1.4—1.7 ng/l), however, it was higher in River Zala (3.2 ng/l). In this season, except the surroundings of Tihany (2.1 ng/l), DDT was found only in very low values (less than 1 ng/l) with some increase in autumn and amounting to 8.5 ng/l in the Keszthely Bay. 3. In the Keszthely Bay the autumn phytoplankton samples containing DDT (4.086 mg/kg dry weight) and DDD (3.507 mg/kg dry weight) were in the largest quantity. Regarding the actual alga concentrations at the sampling sites this equals to 7.2 µg/m³ pesticide fixed in the plankton. 4. The chlorinated hydrocarbon content of plankton crustaceans shows differences especially in the summer and autumn samples (0.437 and 1.239 mg/ kg dry weight). In the autumn samples the value of γ-HCH was found to be 1.3—1.8 times higher than that of DDT being 16—27 times higher than in summer. Regarding the actual concentration of plankton crustaceans at the sampling sites, this equals to 0.05—0.23 µg/m³ pesticide fixed in them. 5. In the specimens of the 3+ year-old white grass-carps the chlorinated hydrocarbon was found in significantly larger quantities than in the 2+ year-old ones. Examining the pollution of white grass-carp it was noted that the flesh of th e 3+ year-old specimens contained 9 times (0.136 mg/kg), and their brain 4 times (0.117 mg/kg) as much γ-HCH as th e 2+ year-old ones. As regards DDT, it was present in 2.5 times larger quantity (0.506 mg/kg) in the flesh of th e 3+ year-old specimens. 6. The pesticide pollution (mg/kg organ, wet weight) of the organs of pike-perch and carp is lower than that of the wite grass-carp. In the case of pike-perch collected at Tihany the γ-HCH content of liver (0.027), eggs and milt (0.013) and brain (0.024) was higher than in the Keszthely Bay (0.0161; 0.007; 0.008 respectively). The carps showed higher pollution levels in the Keszthely Bay. As regards DDT and its decomposition products, a significant difference was found between the eggs and milt of pike-perch and that of the carp at the two areas. In the case of carps, even the difference in the flesh pollution is worth mentioning.

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