A védőbástya toposz irodalomtörténeti és képzőművészeti vonatkozásai Mindszenti Antal Propugnaculum Reipublicae Christianae (1724–1725) című műve tükrében

Knapp, Ilona Éva (2024) A védőbástya toposz irodalomtörténeti és képzőművészeti vonatkozásai Mindszenti Antal Propugnaculum Reipublicae Christianae (1724–1725) című műve tükrében. IRODALOMTÖRTÉNETI KÖZLEMÉNYEK, 128 (2). pp. 141-163. ISSN 0021-1486

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Abstract

The subject of this study is an engraving, which has been removed from its original function and studied as a separate etching for almost twenty-five years. The precise definition and historical placement of this representative depiction combines approaches from the fields of bibliography, literary history and art history. The fundamental lesson of the study is that to solve this type of problem, it is first worth analysing the surviving ‘work’ itself, with particular attention to the image–text relationships. The formulation of hypotheses and assumptions has proven to be a useful method for considering all possible approaches. The method has allowed an anonymous etching, long treated as an art object in its own right, to be returned to its original context. In the uncertain period following the expulsion of the Turks and the Rákóczi War of Independence, Mindszenti Antal’s work on Hungarian history renewed thinking about historical issues in many respects. The engraving is as much a part of and an illustration of Mindszenti’s philosophy of history as it is of the centuries-old idea of the “antemurale” and the Jesuit idea of providentia, which had been around for centuries by the early 18th century. According to the latter, the whole of Hungarian history was shaped by divine providence, and Hungaria became the bastion of Christianity, defending the Roman faith, Rome and Catholic Europe against paganism, as a result of a divine plan. The engraving effectively sums up the basic idea of Mindszenti Antal’s work, that God has made Hungary a bastion of defence, confronting the pagan ‘ancestral’ enemy in the world of religio as well as in the realm of military valour, through fortitude.

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