Típus-lakóépületek Magyarországon

Mándoki, Réka (2024) Típus-lakóépületek Magyarországon. ÉPÍTÉS-ÉPÍTÉSZETTUDOMÁNY, 52 (1-2). pp. 147-169. ISSN 0013-9661

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Abstract

Az elmúlt ötven év során sok iparágban, például a ruha- és a bútoriparban, az egyedileg tervezett és gyártott, kisszériás áruk helyét egyre inkább a sorozatgyártott tömegtermékek vették át a fejlett országokban. Mivel a sorozatgyártás lehetőséget biztosít a termékek optimalizálására, azok sok esetben olcsóbbak és kiszámíthatóbb minőségűek lehetnek, mint az egyedi termékek. Ez pedig egy megfelelően széles választék fenntartása mellett kifejezetten vonzó a vásárlók többsége számára. | In Europe, the place of individually produced custom products is increasingly being taken over by their cheaper mass-produced versions. Mass manufacturing provides an opportunity to optimize products, so the resulting item can be cheaper and have a more predictable quality. When a sufficiently wide selection of products is offered, choosing the mass product can be attractive for customers. With the spread of prefabrication methods in the building industry, the rise of large development companies, and the increase of the dwelling prices on the housing market, the question arises as to how long residential buildings can maintain their uniqueness in Europe or eventually the same trends will happen as what we have already witnessed in the clothing and the furniture industry. Since the uniqueness expected from the built environment is related to people’s lived experiences, in relation to the outlined phenomenon, this paper examines the motivations behind building uniform neighbourhoods in Hungary. In addition to listing many examples, the paper outlines a framework within which the social processes that explain why and how we build standardised residential buildings can be interpreted. The framework includes aspects such as whether these buildings are the result of a top-down or bottom-up development process, whether they are project-specific, or more widespread, and whether the building elements themselves were standardised as well. The paper can help in the interpretation of the current social processes and presents examples where a harmonious built environment was created by using standardised residential buildings. In addition, the paper also helps to define the reasons when standardised residential buildings do not perform well enough, so we can avoid mass producing buildings that will not be able to maintain their social respectability in the long term.

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