The role of the fiber–matrix interface in the tensile properties of short fiber–reinforced 3D‐printed polylactic acid composites

Tóth, Csenge and Lukács, Norbert László and Kovács, Norbert Krisztián (2024) The role of the fiber–matrix interface in the tensile properties of short fiber–reinforced 3D‐printed polylactic acid composites. Polymer Composites. Early View. ISSN 0272-8397

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Abstract

In this study, we investigate the relationship between structure and properties of fiber–matrix adhesion for material extrusion–based 3-dimensional (3D) printed composites. We examine the influence of fiber length and fiber content on the tensile properties of glass, basalt, and carbon fiber–reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites. Short fiber–reinforced filaments were produced, then, simple micromechanical models were used to predict the in-plane tensile properties. We found that interlayer tensile properties are strongly influenced by fiber–matrix adhesion. If adhesion is sufficient, the fibers and matrix deform together under tensile load. A second-order relationship describes interlayer tensile strength in relation to fiber content between 5 and 25 w%, with a maximum at 15 w%, for carbon and basalt fiber–reinforced composites. If adhesion is weak, the crack propagates along the fiber–matrix interface, causing brittle fracture and low strength. This behavior was noted for the glass fiber composite, for which the calculated interface shear strength was the lowest (1.4 MPa). In this case, fiber content is inversely proportional to interlayer tensile strength. Our results show the role of fiber–matrix adhesion quality on tensile properties, which has a major impact on both the accuracy of predictions and the damage processes.

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