Alloherpesviruses of Fish

Hanson, Larry and Doszpoly, Andor and van Beurden, S. J. and de Oliveira, Viadanna P.H. and Waltzek, Thomas B. (2024) Alloherpesviruses of Fish. In: Aquaculture Virology (Second Edition). Academic Press, pp. 165-189. ISBN 978-0-323-91169-6

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Abstract

The family Alloherpesviridae includes herpesviruses of fish and amphibians. This group of herpesviruses is phylogenetically distant from the better-characterized herpesviruses found in birds and mammals. However, many biological and structural properties are conserved in the order Herpesvirales. The known alloherpesviruses typically exhibit host specificity which is a biological feature shared by nearly all herpesviruses. Of the alloherpesviruses of fish at least 11 cause significant economic losses in aquaculture. These include: Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 and 2 (IcHV1, 2) impacting catfish aquaculture; Cyprinid herpesvirus 1, 2 and 3 (CyHV1–3) impacting carp and goldfish aquaculture; Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV1) impacting eel aquaculture; Acipenserid herpesvirus 1 and 2 (AciHV1, 2) impacting sturgeon aquaculture; and Salmonid herpesvirus 2, 3 and 4 (SalHV2–4) impacting salmon and trout aquaculture. The most notable impact has been koi herpesvirus disease caused by Cyprinid herpesvirus 3. This virus has caused devastating losses worldwide in all strains of common carp and is a notifiable pathogen to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), formerly the Office International des Epizooties (OIE).

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