Review for convection based evaporation of open liquid surface and equations of evaporation rate

Poós, Tibor and Varju, Evelin (2024) Review for convection based evaporation of open liquid surface and equations of evaporation rate. INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, 157. No.-107755. ISSN 0735-1933

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Abstract

Publications from the literature were gathered concerning the evaporation of liquids and presented the most significant results. The phenomenon of evaporation is influenced by the gas and liquid conditions: the gas pressure above the liquid surface, its material properties, temperature, humidity, characteristic velocity and turbulence coefficient of the flow; and the material properties of the liquid, its surface temperature, the convective flow and the size of liquid surface open to the environment. The phenomenon of evaporation can be categorized based on various factors, such as gas convection, the type and direction of driving forces, and the gas and liquid conditions affecting evaporation, the equation governing the evaporation rate or the type of evaporation. Each categorization method has its advantages and disadvantages, and these methods were introduced. The correlations that are suitable for the determination of evaporation rate have been collected from the literature and presented in a table together with their range of validity. We collected 32 correlations for evaporation under natural convection, 7 correlations for evaporation under mixed convection, and 116 correlations for evaporation under forced convection. In addition, different application examples were given for each evaporation category, and publications were presented in which the equations included in the N-S-S, M-S-S and F-S-S evaporation cases were examined. © 2024 The Authors

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