Broadside Gain Enhancement of Wideband Monopole Circular Shaped Antenna Using FSS for Sub-6 GHz Applications

Fadhil, Tamara Zuhair and Murad, Noor Asniza and Hamid, Mohamad Rijal (2024) Broadside Gain Enhancement of Wideband Monopole Circular Shaped Antenna Using FSS for Sub-6 GHz Applications. INFOCOMMUNICATIONS JOURNAL, 16 (3). pp. 82-88. ISSN 2061-2079

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Abstract

This paper introduces a wideband circular patch antenna designed with a frequency selective surface (FSS) for sub-6 GHz applications. The proposed antenna features a monopole circular-shaped patch with a partial ground plane, delivering an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the azimuth plane, resulting in relatively uniform gain in all directions. An FSS metamaterial enhances the antenna's gain and improves the broadside radiation pattern. The design incorporates three inner circular patches connected to the main patch. The FSS utilizes hybrid square/circle loop-based unit cells. The antenna and FSS are simulated using CST software and subsequently fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. The measured results demon strate an impedance bandwidth of 1.6 GHz with a peak gain of 5.4 dB at 3.5 GHz. The omnidirectional radiation pattern is converted into a directional one by placing a reflector FSS as a bottom substrate layer. The overall structure size is compact, measuring (0.34λ0 × 0.27λ0 × 0.016λ0), where λ0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest resonant fre quency within the operational bandwidth. This design achieves significant antenna size reduction and is well-suited for future sub-6 GHz applications.

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