Szerves 14C mint a nukleáris ipar technológiai rendszereinek, környezeti hatásvizsgálatának kulcsizotópja = Organic 14C as a key isotope for nuclear industry technology systems and environmental impact assessment

Molnár, Anita (2024) Szerves 14C mint a nukleáris ipar technológiai rendszereinek, környezeti hatásvizsgálatának kulcsizotópja = Organic 14C as a key isotope for nuclear industry technology systems and environmental impact assessment. SCIENTIA ET SECURITAS, 5 (2). pp. 116-124. ISSN 2732-2688

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Abstract

A nukleáris létesítmények és radioaktív hulladéktárolók radiokarbon kibocsátásának környezeti ellenőrzése általában a szervetlenül kötött radiokarbon mérése alapján történik a talajvízben. Pontosabb dózisszámítás azonban csak akkor lehetséges, ha a szerves formával együtt, a teljes 14 C aktivitás ismert. A kutatás keretében az Isotoptech Zrt. laboratóriumában olyan eljárásokat sikerült kidolgozni 14 C AMS mérésre, amely alkalmas vízminták oldott szerves, valamint teljes széntartalmának radiokarbon meghatározására is. A kidolgozott oldott szerves és teljes 14 C méréstechnika lehetőséget nyit arra, hogy teret nyerjen a szerves szénkomponensek radiokarbon vizsgálata is, és szükség szerint beépíthető legyen a környezet-ellenőrzés monitoring programjaiba, akár kampányszerű ellenőrzések keretében. | Environmental monitoring of the radiocarbon emissions from nuclear-, waste disposal- facilities into the groundwater was mainly performed on inorganically bound radiocarbon in most of the countries where nuclear waste is stored. However, a more exact dose calculation would be possible, if not only the inorganic forms but the total radiocarbon activity of the samples is known. As our previous studies have shown, dissolved organic 14C can play also an important role, so the determination of organic/total dissolved radiocarbon have been added into some monitoring programmes in Hungary. This novel approach is becoming more and more common in environmental monitoring, not only for research purposes but also as a requirement of operators and authorities worldwide. We have demonstrated that the 14C activity of the dissolved organic fraction can be estimated with a good approximation (±10%) if the difference between inorganic and total radiocarbon content is accurately determined. On the other hand the development of direct NPDO14C (non purgeable dissolved organic radiocarbon) sample preparation method for 14C analyses provides a unique opportunity to perform highly sensitive and early detection of possible unattended emissions. A routine chemical procedure was developed at our AMS laboratory (Isotoptech Zrt. and ATOMKI, Debrecen) to measure the dissolved organic radiocarbon content of groundwater samples, besides the dissolved inorganic and total carbon fractions. Typical background of the presented preparation of non purgeable dissolved organic radiocarbon (NPDO14C) is less than 0.6 pMC using constant contamination correction, and 1-2 pMC in the case of total dissolved 14C (TD14C) sample preparation. The more complete (total, inorganic and organic forms) 14C analyses of groundwater and surface water samples of nuclear power plants and radioactive waste disposal facilities would provide a more comprehensive picture about the condition of the engineering barriers. The developed organic 14C analyses is such a highly sensitive method, that could provide timely information on the dispersion pathways in case of potential accidents or unattended events, thus would allow rapid intervention.

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