Mechanisms and treatment progress of neurological diseases of COVID and L-C19 in children

Li, Dingfei and Long, Fangyuan and Zhang, Shungeng and Yu, Baohua (2025) Mechanisms and treatment progress of neurological diseases of COVID and L-C19 in children. PHYSIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, 112 (1). pp. 12-32. ISSN 2498-602X

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Abstract

Objective: Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory system, there is evidence that it can also infect the central nervous system, especially in children, leading to neurological symptoms and long-term consequences. It is imperative to summarize the possible mechanisms, main symptoms, and treatments of neurological symptoms of COVID-19 in children. Methods: We performed a literature search using the PubMed online database to find studies investigating the mechanisms of COVID-19 infection of the central nervous system and therapies for COVID-19 neurological symptoms in children. Results: The main mechanisms of action of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the nervous system are direct invasion, systemic inflammation and molecular mimicry. Although the incidence of adverse reactions to intravenous IgG therapy (IVIG) varies greatly and the contraindications are not yet clear, IVIG has been shown to be clearly effective for the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 in children. Conclusion: However, due to insufficient data, more clinical studies are still needed to confirm its safety and efficacy, further improve the treatment plan, and determine the appropriate dosage to better serve clinical practice. Significance: The specific regimen of IVIG treatment for COVID-19 in children was explored, which further improved the understanding of COVID-19 and L-C19 neurological diseases in children.

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