Glass bead system to study mycotoxin production of Aspergillus spp. on corn and rice starches

Inotai, Katalin and Batáné Vidács, Ildikó and Tóth, Ákos and Kosztik, Judit and Varga, Mónika and Szekeres, András and Nagy, István and Nagy, István and Dobolyi, Csaba and Mörtl, Mária and Székács, András and Kukolya, József (2024) Glass bead system to study mycotoxin production of Aspergillus spp. on corn and rice starches. APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 108. No. 348. ISSN 0175-7598

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Abstract

Mycotoxin production by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) -producing <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus</jats:italic> Zt41 and sterigmatocystin (ST) -hyperproducer <jats:italic>Aspergillus creber</jats:italic> 2663 mold strains on corn and rice starch, both of high purity and nearly identical amylose-amylopectin composition, as the only source of carbon, was studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed average starch particle sizes of 4.54 ± 0.635 µm and 10.9 ± 2.78 µm, corresponding to surface area to volume ratios of 127 1/µm for rice starch and 0.49 1/µm for corn starch. Thus, a 2.5-fold difference in particle size correlated to a larger, 259-fold difference in surface area. To allow starch, a water-absorbing powder, to be used as a sole food source for <jats:italic>Aspergillus</jats:italic> strains, a special glass bead system was applied. AFB1 production of <jats:italic>A. flavus</jats:italic> Zt41 was determined to be 437.6 ± 128.4 ng/g and 90.0 ± 44.8 ng/g on rice and corn starch, respectively, while corresponding ST production levels by <jats:italic>A. creber</jats:italic> 2663 were 72.8 ± 10.0 µg/g and 26.8 ± 11.6 µg/g, indicating 3–fivefold higher mycotoxin levels on rice starch than on corn starch as sole carbon and energy sources.

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