Sustainable biomass aerogel with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties by industrial waste fly ash: A simple route for the green synthesis

Li, Ju and Yang, Lize and Chen, Shuo and Sun, Guotao (2025) Sustainable biomass aerogel with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties by industrial waste fly ash: A simple route for the green synthesis. EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS, 19 (1). pp. 47-59. ISSN 1788-618X

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Abstract

The widespread use of cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-based aerogels is hindered by their limited flame retardancy and mechanical properties. This study addresses these challenges by developing cellulose nanofiber/sodium alginate/fly ash (CNF/SA/FA) aerogel through a one-pot method, utilizing industrial waste fly ash (FA) as a reinforcing material. Various characterization and analytical techniques were employed to evaluate the properties of the CNF/SA/FA aerogel. The findings have revealed that resulting aerogel exhibited excellent thermal insulation performance, with a thermal conductivity of 0.485 W/(m·K), along with an impressive compressive strength of 88.4 kPa and favorable shape processability. Vertical combustion tests demonstrated a V-0 rating, indicating superior flame retardancy, and the aerogel achieved a remarkable 79.16% residual carbon, confirming their effective heat shielding capabilities. Notably, the incorporation of FA significantly enhanced both the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite aerogel, presenting a sustainable and effective solution to optimizing the properties of aerogel for thermal insulation.

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