Identification and comprehensive characterization of moral disapproval and behavioral dysregulation-based pornography-use profiles across 42 countries

Bőthe, Beáta and Tóth-Király, István and Popova, Nevena and Nagy, Léna and Koós, Mónika and Demetrovics, Zsolt and Potenza, Marc N. and Kraus, Shane W. and Ballester-Arnal, Rafael and Batthyány, Dominik and Bergeron, Sophie and Billieux, Joël and Briken, Peer and Burkauskas, Julius and Cárdenas-López, Georgina and Carvalho, Joana and Castro-Calvo, Jesús and Chen, Lijun and Ciocca, Giacomo and Corazza, Ornella and Csako, Rita I. and Czakó, Andrea and Fernandez, David P. and Fernandez, Elaine F. and Fujiwara, Hironobu and Fuss, Johannes and Gabrhelík, Roman and Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret and Gjoneska, Biljana and Gola, Mateusz and Hashim, Hashim T. and Islam, MD. Saiful and Ismail, Mustafa and Jiménez-Martínez, Martha C. and Jurin, Tanja and Kalina, Ondrej and Klein, Verena and Költő, András and Lee, Chih-Ting and Lee, Sang-Kyu and Lewczuk, Karol and Lin, Chung-Ying and Lochner, Christine and López-Alvarado, Silvia and Lukavská, Kateřina and Mayta-Tristán, Percy and Miller, Dan J. and Orosová, Oľga and Orosz, Gábor and _, _ and Ponce, Fernando P. and Quintana, Gonzalo R. and Quintero Garzola, Gabriel C. and Ramos-Diaz, Jano and Rigaud, Kévin and Rousseau, Ann and Scanavino, Marco de Tubino and Schulmeyer, Marion K. and Sharan, Pratap and Shibata, Mami and Shoib, Sheikh and Sigre-Leirós, Vera and Sniewski, Luke and Spasovski, Ognen and Steibliene, Vesta and Stein, Dan J. and Štulhofer, Aleksandar and Ünsal, Berk C. and Vaillancourt-Morel, Marie-Pier and Van Hout, Marie Claire and Grubbs, Joshua B. (2025) Identification and comprehensive characterization of moral disapproval and behavioral dysregulation-based pornography-use profiles across 42 countries. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS, 14 (1). pp. 131-154. ISSN 2062-5871 (print); 2063-5303 (online)

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Abstract

Background and aims The Moral Incongruence Model of Pornography Use proposes that pornography-use-related problems may be present due to problematic pornography use (PPU) and/or moral disapproval (MD) of pornography use. Despite some supporting empirical evidence, no study has tested the presence of different pornography-use profiles based on individuals' behavioral dysregulation (i.e., PPU) and moral values concerning pornography use. The generalizability of previous findings to diverse populations has also been limited given the scarcity of studies conducted outside of Western countries. Methods Using data from the International Sex Survey (42 countries, N = 66,994; Mage = 32.16 years, SD = 12.27), we conducted latent profile analysis to identify pornography-use profiles based on individuals' frequency of use, MD, and PPU. The profiles were compared along a wide range of pornography-use-related, sexuality-related, and psychological correlates. Results Six pornography-use profiles were identified, including two increased risk groups (i.e., Increased risk of PPU without MD and Increased risk of PPU with some MD). Several factors differentiated between the increased risk vs. no/low risk profiles (e.g., relatedness satisfaction) as well as between the two increased risk profiles (e.g., religiosity). Apart from behavioral dysregulation, moral values concerning pornography use played an important role in distinguishing pornography-use profiles and demonstrated the importance of inquiring about MD when working with individuals with pornography-use-related problems. Conclusion Findings also support recent calls for better-integrated sex therapy and sexual medicine perspectives into pornography-use-related problems research and care.

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