Profiles of problematic pornography use and religiosity-based moral incongruence using latent profile analysis: A two-sample study

Ince, Campbell and Tiego, Jeggan and Albertella, Lucy and Fontenelle, Leonardo F. and Chamberlain, Samuel R. and Yücel, Murat and Rotaru, Kristian (2025) Profiles of problematic pornography use and religiosity-based moral incongruence using latent profile analysis: A two-sample study. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL ADDICTIONS, 14 (2). pp. 1021-1039. ISSN 2062-5871

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Abstract

Background and Aims Recent taxonomies propose that pornography-related problems may arise from problematic pornography use (PPU) and/or moral incongruence (MI). Although religiosity is often viewed as a key factor in MI, religious-based MI has not yet been explicitly examined within these taxonomies, which we address herein. Methods Using latent profile analysis of self-report data obtained, we examined distinct and overlapping profiles of PPU and religiosity-based MI in two online samples of male pornography users from the United States (N = 1,356, Mage = 36.86, SD = 11.26) and United Kingdom (N = 944, Mage = 38.69, SD = 12.26). Results Three classes (15–25% of each sample) showed elevated PPU and/or religiosity-based MI: ‘At risk for religiosity-based MI’ (4–8%), ‘At risk for PPU’ (6–10%), and ‘At risk for co-occurring PPU and religiosity-based MI’ (6–8%). Unlike the two groups with elevated PPU, the group with religious-based MI group did not report heightened psychological distress or treatment-seeking tendencies. Respondents were otherwise classified as “not at risk” (40–47%) “low risk” (27–28%), or moderate-severity PPU (14%, Sample 2 only). Discussion and Conclusions Although the observed heterogeneity validates a taxonomy of PPU and religiosity-based MI, our findings challenge the assumption of elevated psychological distress and treatment-seeking tendencies among individuals with religiosity-based MI. Future research should further examine the clinical relevance of religiosity-based MI and extend these findings to broader (e.g., clinical, culturally diverse) samples.

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