Active stabilization for ultralong acquisitions in an attosecond pump-probe beamline

Csizmadia, Tamás and Gulyás Oldal, Lénárd and Gilicze, Barnabás and Kiss, Dániel and Bartyik, Tamás and Varjú, Katalin and Kahaly, Subhendu and Major, Balázs (2025) Active stabilization for ultralong acquisitions in an attosecond pump-probe beamline. APL PHOTONICS, 10 (8). No. 080803. ISSN 2378-0967

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Abstract

Attosecond time-resolution experiments using noncollinear interferometers require precise and active control of the optical delay to prevent instabilities—including both slow drifts and rapid vibrations—that can obscure the time evolution of the physical system under investigation. In this work, we present the design and results of stability measurements for a double interferometer setup, consisting of a two-color interferometer for extreme ultraviolet-infrared pump-probe spectroscopy complemented by a single color auxiliary interferometer designed for active delay stabilization. The attosecond pump-probe setup is driven by a high-average-power, high-repetition-rate laser system and offers sub-optical-cycle (±81 as) stability with a fast feedback rate over extended periods (up to several days). Due to the noncollinear arrangement, the setup enables independent control of both amplitude and phase, such as controlling the XUV spectrum or attochirp, or the IR dispersion and carrier-envelope phase in the two arms, even across significantly different spectral regions. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate attosecond beating in angle-resolved photoemission during two-photon, two-color photoionization, highlighting the broad potential of the system for kinematically and dynamically complete studies of atomic-scale light-matter interactions. © 2025 Author(s).

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