Csató, László and Petróczy, Dóra Gréta (2025) Competitive balance in the UEFA Champions League group stage: Novel measures show no evidence of decline. ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH. ISSN 0254-5330 (In Press)
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Abstract
Competitive balance, which refers to the level of control teams have over a sports competition, is a crucial indicator for tournament organisers. According to previous studies, competitive balance has significantly declined in the UEFA Champions League group stage over the recent decades. Our paper introduces alternative indices to investigate this issue. Two ex ante measures are based on Elo ratings, and four dynamic concentration indicators compare the final group ranking to reasonable benchmarks. Using these indices, we find no evidence of any long-run trend in the competitive balance of the UEFA Champions League group stage between the 2003/04 and 2023/24 seasons.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Competitive balance · Elo rating · Football · Kendall rank correlation · UEFA Champions League |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation / földrajz, antropológia, kikapcsolódás > GV Recreation Leisure / szabadidő, szórakozás > GV557-GV558 Sport and fitness sciences / Sport és fitnessztudományok Q Science / természettudomány > QA Mathematics / matematika > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science / számítástechnika, számítógéptudomány |
| SWORD Depositor: | MTMT SWORD |
| Depositing User: | MTMT SWORD |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Sep 2025 15:10 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Sep 2025 21:42 |
| URI: | https://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/223598 |
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